前两轮草原生态补奖政策实施绩效对比与路径优化

中图分类号：X321；F323.212 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-0435（2025）07-2345-12

doi：10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.07.028

引用格式：，等．前两轮草原生态补奖政策实施绩效对比与路径优化[J].草地学报，2025，33（7）：2345一 2356 WANG Xiang-wen，CHEN Qiang-qiang，WANG Jia，et al. Comparison of the Implementation Performance of the First Two Rounds ofGrassland Ecological Compensation Policy and Path Optimization[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica，2025， 33（7） ：2345—2356

Comparison of the Implementation Performance of the First Two Rounds of Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy and Path Optimization

WANG Xiang-wen1， CHEN Qiang-qiang1，2*，WANG Jia1， YANG Ling1 （1.ColegeofFinanceand Economics inGansu Agricultural University，Lanzhou，GansuProvince 73Oo7O，China; 2.GansuEcologicalConstructionand EnvironmentalProtectionResearch Center，Lanzhou，GansuProvince73oo7o，China）

Abstract：It is of great significance to carryout the performance evaluation of the grassand ecological compensation policy ina timely manner to optimize and adjust the policy. This study established a comprehensive，threedimensional evaluation index system encompassing “ecology，economy，and society” for assessing grassland ecological subsidy policy performance.By selecting the Gannan Yelow River water supply area as the research domain，this study employed the entropy weight method to comprehensively evaluate and compare the policy performance diferences between the first and second rounds.Additionally，it identifies keyobstacles impeding performance enhancement using the obstacle degree model. The results revealed that the overallperformance of grassland ecological compensation policy implementation has undergone notable improvement，albeit at a low level.Specificall，the comprehensive value increased from O.1212 in the first round to O.155O in the second round，marking an average annual growth rate of 5.24% from 201O to 2020.Within this，ecological，economic，and social performance values rose from O.1477，0.1345，and O.O816 in the first round to 0.1837， 0.1858，and O.O955 in the second round，respectively. The performance structure shifted from“ecological per formance gt; economic performancegt;social performance” in the first round to“economic performancegt;ecological performancegt;social performance”in the second round，with a synergistic emphasis on all three benefits.

Notably，significant regional variations exist in each dimension of policy performance.Ecological and economic performance folow a descending order from“pure pastoral areasgt;semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas gt; agricultural areas”，whereas social performance exhibits an opposite trend.The study of barrer factors indicates thatcommon obstacles to performance improvement include the total number of livestock at the end of the year and per capita income from grassland ecological compensation policies.This study intends to serve as a valuable reference for the dynamic optimization of the new round of grassland ecological compensation policy.

Key words： Grassland ecological compensation policy;Performance evaluation;Obstacle factor; Gannan Yellow RiverWater Supply Area

草原作为我国重要的生态系统与自然资源，是关键生态安全屏障[1-2]，也是农牧民赖以生存的生产资料和生活资料[3。然而，我国草原生态脆弱形势严峻，近 60% 的天然草原处于严重退化，草原生态保护修复任务十分艰巨4，草原生态保护补助奖励政策（以下简称草原生态补奖政策）应运而生[5-6]。党的二十大报告明确指出完善生态保护补偿制度，草原生态补奖政策在此背景下得到强化。

以农业部、财政部出台的《2011年草原生态保护补助奖励机制政策实施指导意见》为标志的第一轮草原生态补奖政策（2011—2015年）在内蒙古、青海和西藏等8个草原牧区省份实行，政策内容涵盖禁牧补助、草畜平衡奖励以及牧民生产性补贴3个方面8。中央财政累计投入资金773.6亿元，其中禁牧补助为90元·hm^-2 、草畜平衡奖励为22.5元·hm^-2 、生产资料综合补贴为每户500元、牧草良种补贴150元·tan^-2[9] 。2016年我国农业部办公厅、财政部办公厅进一步出台了《新一轮草原生态保护补助奖励政策实施指导意见（2016—2020年）》，年度补奖资金设定为187.6亿元，其中155.6亿元通过禁牧补助和草畜平衡奖励直补到户，32亿元用于草原生态修复治理补助，支持地方草原生态保护修复工作。第二轮补奖政策在第一轮“8省区\"基础上，增设河北、山西、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江5省和黑龙江省农垦总局共覆盖13个省。草畜平衡补偿标准由22.5元·hm^-2 提高至37.5元 hm^-2[10] ，禁牧补偿标准由90元·hm^-2 提高至112.5元 hm^-2 ，并要求各地政府加大监管力度和建立奖惩机制[11]。……