Essen卒中风险量表评分联合脑动脉造影对短暂性脑缺血发作患者脑梗死的预测价值分析

2017-01-09 02:53艾伟真
实用心脑肺血管病杂志 2016年11期
关键词:短暂性脑缺血造影

艾伟真

·诊治分析·

Essen卒中风险量表评分联合脑动脉造影对短暂性脑缺血发作患者脑梗死的预测价值分析

艾伟真

目的 分析Essen卒中风险量表(ESRS)评分联合脑动脉造影对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者脑梗死的预测价值。方法 选取2015年枣庄市台儿庄区中医院收治的TIA患者130例,根据ESRS评分分为高危者13例和低危者117例,根据弥散加权成像(DWI)检查结果分为DWI正常者67例和DWI异常者63例,根据三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管造影(MRA)检查结果分为颅内动脉狭窄率<50%者62例和颅内动脉狭窄率≥50%者68例。比较各组发病率2天、第10天、第30天脑梗死发生情况,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)以评价ESRS评分联合脑动脉造影对TIA患者脑梗死的预测价值。结果 高危者发病第2天、第10天、第30天脑梗死发生率均高于低危者(P<0.05);DWI异常者发病第2天、第10天、第30天脑梗死发生率均高于DWI正常者(P<0.05);颅内动脉狭窄率≥50%者发病第2天、第10天、第30天脑梗死发生率均高于颅内动脉狭窄率<50%者(P<0.05)。绘制ROC曲线发现,ESRS评分联合脑动脉造影预测TIA患者发病第2天、第10天、第30天脑梗死的曲线下面积(AUC)分别高于ESRS评分(P<0.05)。结论 ESRS评分联合脑动脉造影能进一步提高预测TIA患者脑梗死的准确率,具有较高的预测价值。

脑梗死;脑缺血发作,短暂性;Essen卒中风险量表评分;脑动脉造影

艾伟真.Essen卒中风险量表评分联合脑动脉造影对短暂性脑缺血发作患者脑梗死的预测价值分析[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2016,24(11):89-92.[www.syxnf.net]

AI W Z.Predictive value of Essen stroke risk scale score combined with cerebrovascular angiography on cerebral infarction in patients with transient ischemic attack[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2016,24(11):89-92.

短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)是一种反复发作的慢性缺血性脑血管疾病[1]。研究表明,TIA患者卒中患病率较高,且一旦发生卒中则会严重影响患者的生存质量,并导致患者出现长期神经性残障[2]。目前,TIA患者是否一定会发展为卒中尚不能完全判断,故有医院将TIA患者归为门诊患者,导致部分患者未能得到及时有效治疗,疾病进展为完全性卒中。目前,Essen卒中风险量表(ESRS)、脑动脉造影在缺血性脑血管疾病、脑血管狭窄诊断中得到广泛应用[3],但两者在TIA患者脑梗死预测方面的研究报道较少见。本研究旨在分析ESRS评分联合脑动脉造影对TIA患者早期脑梗死的预测价值。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 选取2015年枣庄市台儿庄区中医院收治的TIA患者130例,其中男70 例,女 60 例;年龄 32~84 岁,平均年龄(57.3±7.5)岁;病程1~35 d,平均病程(11.5±4.6)d;既往史:糖尿病14例,缺血性心脏病20例,脑卒中20例,高血压76例。纳入标准:符合TIA的临床诊断标准。排除标准:(1)偏瘫型偏头痛、脑出血、放射性血管疾病者;(2)存在磁共振成像(MRI)检查禁忌证者。所有患者自愿参加本研究并签署知情同意书。

1.2 脑梗死的诊断标准 (1)常于安静状态下发病;(2)大多数患者发病时无明显头痛和呕吐;(3)发病较缓慢,多逐渐进展或呈阶段性进展,多与脑动脉粥样硬化有关,也可见于动脉炎、血液系统疾病患者等;(4)一般发病后1~2 d内意识清楚或轻度障碍;(5)有颈内动脉系统和/或椎-基底动脉系统症状和体征;(6)CT或MRI检查确诊;(7)腰穿脑脊液一般不含血。

1.3 方法

1.3.1 ESRS评分 ESRS包括年龄、高血压、糖尿病、既往心肌梗死、其他心血管疾病史、外周血管疾病、吸烟、既往TIA或缺血性脑卒中病史共8个卒中危险因素,根据WEIMAR等[4]研究中的计算方法,以年龄>75岁为2分,年龄65~75岁、高血压、糖尿病、既往心肌梗死或其他心血管疾病史、外周血管疾病、吸烟、既往TIA或缺血性脑卒中病史均为1分。8个卒中危险因素得分相加为ESRS评分,ESRS评分≥3分为高危,ESRS评分<2分为低危。本组患者中高危者13例,低危者117例。

1.3.2 脑动脉造影 所有患者入院第1天采用1.6 T MRI机(美国通用电气公司生产)进行扫描检查,检查内容为矢状位T1-Flair、轴位T1-Flair、轴位T2-Flair、轴位T2-FSE及弥散加权成像(DWI)序列,本组患者中DWI正常者67例、DWI异常者63例;采用三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管造影(MRA)检查颅内血管狭窄程度,按照北美症状性颈动脉内膜切除试验(NASCET)测量标准判断颅内动脉狭窄率[5],颅内动脉狭窄率(%)=(1-最狭窄处直径/狭窄远端动脉直径)×100%,本组患者中颅内动脉狭窄率<50%者62例、颅内动脉狭窄率≥50%者68例。

1.3.3 随防 出院后对所有患者进行随访,分别记录TIA患者发病第2天、第10天、第30天脑梗死发生情况。

1.4 统计学方法 采用SPSS 20.0统计软件包进行数据处理,计数资料采用χ2检验,绘制ESRS评分联合脑动脉造影及ESRS评分预测TIA患者第2天、第10天、第30天脑梗死的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),采用曲线下面积(AUC)表示。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 TIA患者发病第2天、第10天、第30天脑梗死发生率 高危者发病第2天、第10天、第30天脑梗死发生率均高于低危者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表1);DWI异常者发病第2天、第10天、第30天脑梗死发生率均高于DWI正常者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表2);颅内动脉狭窄率≥50%者发病第2天、第10天、第30天脑梗死发生率均高于颅内动脉狭窄率<50%者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表3)。

表1 不同ESRS评分TIA患者脑梗死发生率比较〔n(%)〕

Table 1 Comparison of incidence of cerebral infarction in TIA patients with different ESRS score

ESRS评分例数第2天第10天第30天低危1174(34) 9(77) 10(85)高危 13 7(538)11(846)11(846)χ2值471694493632795P值000000000000

表2 不同DWI检查结果TIA患者脑梗死发生率比较〔n(%)〕

Table 2 Comparison of incidence of cerebral infarction in TIA patients with different DWI findings

DWI检查结果例数第2天第10天第30天DWI正常67 1(15) 5(75) 6(90) DWI异常6310(159)15(238)15(238)χ2值86692661239579P值000300000000

表3 不同颅内动脉狭窄率TIA患者脑梗死发生率比较〔n(%)〕

Table 3 Comparison of incidence of cerebral infarction in TIA patients with different intracranial artery stenosis rates

颅内动脉狭窄率例数第2天第10天第30天颅内动脉狭窄率<50%624(65) 7(113) 8(129) 颅内动脉狭窄率≥50%687(103)13(191)13(191)χ2值1977604911117P值016000140001

2.2 ESRS评分联合脑动脉造影及ESRS评分对脑梗死的预测价值 绘制脑动脉造影联合ESRS评分及ESRS评分预测TIA患者发病第2天、第10天、第30天脑梗死的ROC曲线,结果显示,ESRS评分联合脑动脉造影预测TIA患者发病第2天脑梗死的AUC为0.57、预测TIA患者发病第10天的AUC为0.62、预测TIA患者发病第30天的AUC为0.71;ESRS评分预测TIA患者发病第2天脑梗死的AUC为0.46、预测TIA患者发病第10天的AUC为0.51、预测TIA患者发病第30天的AUC为0.62。ESRS评分联合脑动脉造影预测TIA患者发病第2天、第10天、第30天脑梗死的AUC分别高于ESRS评分,差异有统计学意义(Z值分别为5.532、5.821、8.963,P<0.05,见图1、2、3)。

注:ESRS=Essen卒中风险量表

图1 ESRS评分联合脑动脉造影及ESRS评分预测TIA患者发病第2天脑梗死的ROC曲线

Figure 1 ROC curve for ESRS score combined with cerebrovascular angiography and ESRS score in predicting cerebral infarction after 2 days of TIA

图2 ESRS评分联合脑动脉造影及ESRS评分预测TIA患者发病第10天脑梗死的ROC曲线

Figure 2 ROC curve for ESRS score combined with cerebrovascular angiography and ESRS score in predicting cerebral infarction after 10 days of TIA

图3 ESRS评分联合脑动脉造影及ESRS评分预测TIA患者发病第30天脑梗死的ROC曲线

Figure 3 ROC curve for ESRS score combined with cerebrovascular angiography and ESRS score in predicting cerebral infarction after 30 days of TIA

3 讨论

TIA属于局灶性脑缺血疾病,具有反复发作等特点。临床研究显示,约1/3的TIA患者会逐渐进展为脑梗死[6-7]。因此,早期对TIA患者进行危险评估及脑梗死预测具有重要的临床意义。目前,用于预测TIA患者脑梗死的方法较多,但预测效果不尽相同[8]。

ESRS是一种针对动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者卒中远期再发风险的预测模型,该模型主要包括年龄、高血压、糖尿病、既往心肌梗死、其他心血管疾病史、外周血管疾病、吸烟、既往TIA或缺血性脑卒中病史共8个卒中危险因素[9-13]。本研究将ESRS评分≥3分定义为高危、ESRS评分<3分定义为低危,结果显示,高危者发病第2天、第10天、第30 天脑梗死发生率均高于低危者,提示脑梗死与ESRS评分存在一定相关性。

近年来,随着影像学技术的快速发展,人们逐渐发现ESRS存在的不足,ESRS主要参照临床症状及病史进行评分,而缺少客观、准确的实验室检查结果[14]。DWI与MRI均是重要的脑动脉造影手段,其预测脑梗死的灵敏度和特异度均较高[15-17]。目前,关于ESRS评分联合DWI、MRI预测TIA患者脑梗死的研究报道较少[18]。本研究结果显示,DWI异常者发病第2天、第10天、第30天脑梗死发生率均高于DWI正常者,颅内动脉狭窄率≥50%者发病第2天、第10天、第30天脑梗死发生率均高于颅内动脉狭窄率<50%者,提示DWI异常和颅内动脉狭窄率≥50%与TIA患者早期脑梗死的发生有关。本研究在ESRS评分基础上联合脑动脉造影预测TIA患者脑梗死的发生,结果显示,ESRS评分联合脑动脉造影预测TIA患者发病第2天、第10天、第30天脑梗死的AUC分别高于ESRS评分,提示ESRS评分联合脑动脉造影可进一步提高TIA患者脑梗死的预测价值。

综上所述,ESRS评分联合脑动脉造影能进一步提高预测TIA患者脑梗死的准确率,具有较高的预测价值,值得临床借鉴参考。

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(本文编辑:谢武英)

Predictive Value of Essen Stroke Risk Scale Score Combined with Cerebrovascular Angiography on Cerebral Infarction in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack

AI Wei-zhen.

The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Taierzhuang District,Zaozhuang,Zaozhuang 277400,China

Objective To analyze the predictive value of Essen stroke risk scale(ESRS)score combined with cerebrovascular angiography on cerebral infarction in patients with transient ischemic attack(TIA).Methods In 2015,a total of 130 patients with TIA were selected in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Taierzhuang District,Zaozhuang,and they were divided into A1 group(with high risk of cerebral infarction,n=13)and A2 group(with low risk of cerebral infarction,n=117)according to ESRS score,into B1 group(with normal DWI examination results,n=67)and B2 group(with abnormal DWI examination results,n=63)according to DWI examination results,into C1 group(with intracranial artery stenosis rate less than 50%,n=62)and C2 group(with intracranial artery stenosis rate equal or over 50%,n=68)according to 3D-TOF MRA examination results.Incidence of cerebral infarction were compared between each two groups after 2 days,10 days and 30 days of TIA,and ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of ESRS score combined with cerebrovascular angiography.Results The incidence of cerebral infarction of A1 group was statistically significantly higher than that of A2 group after 2 days,10 days and 30 days of TIA,respectively(P<0.05);incidence of cerebral infarction of B2 group was statistically significantly higher than that of B1 group after 2 days,10 days and 30 days of TIA,respectively(P<0.05);incidence of cerebral infarction of C2 group was statistically significantly higher than that of C1 group after 2 days,10 days and 30 days of TIA,respectively(P<0.05).ROC curve showed that,AUC of ESRS score combined with cerebrovascular angiography in predicting cerebral infarction was statistically significantly higher than that of ESRS score after 2 days,10 days and 30 days of TIA,respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion ESRS score combined with cerebrovascular angiography has certain predictive value on cerebral infarction in patients with TIA,can certainly improve the accuracy rate in predicting cerebral infarction.

Brain infarction;Ischemic attack,transient;Essen stroke risk score scale;Cerebrovascular angiography

277400山东省枣庄市台儿庄区中医院

R 743.33 R 743.31

B

10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2016.11.024

2016-08-26;

2016-11-02)

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