高考英语语法填空答题技巧之我见

2018-02-02 05:56刘冬梅
东方教育 2018年1期
关键词:连词谓语形容词

刘冬梅

高考英语语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的综合运用能力,按题型设计分有提示词和无提示词两大类,根据教学中的经验,我对答题技巧进行具体的分析:

一、无提示词试题的解题技巧

无提示词,这时纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(从属连词或并列连词and, but, or, so)等虚词。此时要先分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后,根据句子意思,确定具体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。总结起来主要有以下7个技巧:

1:在简单句和并列句中,若句子缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词。

I cant send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and 1 gets there almost in a second. ( it )

2:名词前面,若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等),很可能是填限定词。

It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help 2 rice crop grow up quickly. (the)

3:名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面,一定是填介词。

who should have the honor of receiving me 3 a guest in their house. (as)

4: 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,此时很可能是填连词。

Two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 4 Cabdido Poitinari, whose works are worth millions of dollars. (and)

5:若两个句子之間没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词(连接并列的句子)或从属连词(如连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句等)。

The greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini 5 died in 1926. (who)

He was very tired after doing thus for a whole day, 6 he felt very happy. (but)

6: 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。

(1) 由it is … that… 强调结构的形式,判断it 还是that。判断方法:去掉it is … that…结构,句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。

(2) 由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断,空格是否填it.

…and 7 was only after I heard she become sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精). (it)

… as 8 took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two words-famous artists.. (it)

Dating sites also makes 9 easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (it 做形式宾语)

(3) 在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not…until等词。

10 with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. (Only)

(4) so / such …that…句型

This made the goat so jealous 11 it began plotting against the donkey. (that)

(5) more …than…(与其说……不如说……,比……更……)句型。

Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares 12 how much he pays. (than)

二、有提示词的试题

动词提示词是高考语法填空必考的一类,所以给出了动词的试题,首先判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。

1:若句子没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态。

When I die, I 13 (give) everything to you. (will give)

That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 14 (close) my book and walked away. (closed)

In Loganm three people 15 (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.(were taken)

Being too anxious to help an event develop often 16 (result) the contrary to our intention. (results)endprint

Now, Valentines Day is 17 (celebrate) in many countries around the world. (celebrated)

2:若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语,所给动词就是非谓语动词。那么非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing形式,-ed形式,还是不定式,确定的方法有:

作主语或宾语,通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况。

…but it is not enough only 18 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. (to memorize)

19 (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…(To speak)

作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。

20 (complete) the project as planed, well have to work two more hours a day. (To complete)

(3)作伴随状语,通常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词(v-ing);若是被动关系,用过去分词(-ed)。

He saw the stone, 21 (say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.”(saying)

The headmaster went into the lab, 22 (follow) by the foreign guests.(followed)

3: 動词的词类转换主要做主语、宾语和定语。

There are 23 (comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain. (comfortable)

These people have made great 24 (contribute) to China with their work. (contributions)

三、其他词类转换题的解题技巧

这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词,根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式,具体技巧有以下三种。

1: 作表语(在系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或宾补(表性质状态),通常是形容词形式。如下

The youngster immediately fell 25 (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. (silent)

Teachers must try their best to make most of their students 26 (interest) in the subject.(interested)

2:修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式。

27 (fortune), the guest escaped unharmed. (Fortunately)

3:有的词义转换题,词类或词性不一定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加un-, im-, in-等,在词根后加-less等。

People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is no knowledge is 28 (use).(useless)

Your mistake caused a lot of 29 (necessary) work in the office. (unnecessary))

4:括号中所给词若是形容词或副词,有可能考查其比较级或最高级。

The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could… He jumped even 30 (hard) and nearly made himself out. (harder)

The 31 (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. (worst)

5:括号内如果所给出的词是名词,此时多考虑名词的单复数情况。

Here are some practical 32 (tip) for you.(tips)

以上仅对语法填空中的主要情况进行了概括,在做语法填空题时,还应注意英语中的固定句型、固定搭配等技巧, 在日常的英语学习中更要不断加强语法知识的运用和思考。endprint

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