多层建筑抗震设计的几点见解

2012-06-04 01:30:46李传智
城市建设理论研究 2012年13期

李传智

摘要:在地震区设计房屋必须充分重视房屋的抗震问题,由于地震的影响,地基可能液化下沉,或产生断裂及滑坡,使房屋遭到破坏。同时地震产生的不定向震动,使房屋在水平或垂直方向都可能受到震波冲击,尤其是水平振波长使房屋顶层或底层首先遭到破坏,房屋端墙的开裂也是经常发生的。有些局部构件,如挑檐,女儿墙等也可能脱落。这些都会危及人民的生命财产安全。因此我们在地震区进行房屋设计时,必须进行地基选择,并根据当地的地震烈度,按照抗震设计规范考虑房屋的抗震问题。

关键词:体形;布局;构造

Abstract: in earthquake zones design houses must be pay full attention to the house the seismic problems, because the effects of the earthquake, the foundation may liquefaction sink, or produce fracture and landslide, the buildings were destroyed. At the same time create earthquake directional vibration, make the building in horizontal or vertical direction by seismic waves may impact, especially vibration level the buildings top or bottom wavelength first destroyed, the building of the wall is also cracking often happens. Some local components, such as pick eaves, parapet, etc may fall off. These will endanger the lives and property of the people safe. So we in earthquake zones for house design, must choose foundation, and according to the local seismic intensity, according to the standard aseismatic design of the house considered the seismic problems.

Keywords: form; Layout; structure

中图分类号:TU973+.31文献标识码:A文章编号:

首先对基地的选择应尽量选择有利地段,即地基承载力好的开阔平坦地段或平缓坡地,应避开不利地段,如承载力不好的饱和松砂、淤泥、松软的人工填土、条形突出的山脊、高耸孤立的山丘、非岩质的陡坡等地段。在地表或常水位冲刷线以下20m范围内,有饱和松散的粉细砂层时,应估计其地震时液化的可能性,在一般情况下应尽量避免直接用可液化层作为受力层。否则宜对可液化层进行加密处理或采用桩基。对河岸边坡和故道边缘,还需查明有无由于发生液化导致迁移和地裂的可能性。

其次房屋本身的抗震性能取决于房屋的体型和其结构特征,地震的侧向力一般是由于房屋的纵、横墙体来承受的,为达到抗震目的,除要求房屋结构有足够的强度外,还要……

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