网络环境下利用QQ群平台进行英语教学尝试

刘少文

摘 要：互联网的发展，正在改变整个教育体系和教育过程，改变教育方法，改变师生关系。信息技术下，通过建立以班为单位的QQ群让校内和校外学习活动有机结合在一起。这种开放性学习方式和开展创造性学习、创造性地运用语言的活动增强学生的批判性思维能力、合作技能和解决问题的能力，使学生拥有学习主动权。

关键词：QQ群；网络学案

一、实验构想

《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》（以下简称《规划纲要》）强调“倡导启发式、探究式、讨论式、参与式教学，帮助学生学会学习。激发学生的好奇心，培养学生的兴趣爱好，营造独立思考、自由探索、勇于创新的良好环境”，凸显了对学生主体地位和主动精神的尊重和弘扬。信息化社会的到来，知识形态发生了变化，获取知识的途径呈现多元的态势，为学生自主学习、独立探索提供了广阔的空间。《规划纲要》的保证措施有一条，就是加强信息化建设，让新技术在中小学教育中发挥作用，要协助学校在课程中融合更多的技术元素，创造条件让所有的学生能有机会使用互联网。

自2010年7月以来，西安市八十三中开展了在网络环境下的教学实验。我们充分利用学校的网络资源和网络教室，通过建立以班为单位的QQ群让校内和校外学习活动有机结合在一起。通过这个平台，我们把学案发布给学生，学案包括学习目的、重难点、方法、相关学习的材料。同时，提出预习和探究的问题，让学生讨论、完成，并通过网络观察学生预习情况。

QQ群是基于QQ用户而产生。QQ是聊天工具，QQ群就是个集体讨论组，通过沟通，能及时了解学生需要什么，这样你就可以发起话题，让这个群产生内容，给他们所需要的，积极引导他们参与到相关的学习活动中来。

大班上课问题一直是英语教学难题。由于课堂空间小，无论怎么安排，都无法使学生在有限的时间内得到充分的训练。学生想象力受到束缚，创造力受到限制。学好英语光靠课堂这一环节是不可能的。在网络环境下，这个平台打破了时空限制。教学中，我们在课程设计中突破了传统的字、词、句的教学框框，拓宽了教学目标，延展了教学重点。

经过大家反复的讨论和实际操作，我们确定了利于网络条件下的英语课授课类型并确定了授课环节。对于课文篇幅较长、课堂教学必须在学生充分预习的基础上进行的讲读课，我们采用以下环节：

1.课前活动：充分利用网络资源，制作网络学案，把学案发布给学生。通过网上字典，查阅生词。在群内探讨疑惑、处理难句。教师提出预习和探究的问题，让学生讨论、完成，并通过网络观察学生预习情况。

2.课堂活动：本环节设计若干个小型的、不同形式的教学任务；教学任务的完成涉及不同的阅读微技能。任务之间具有相关性和递进性。不同形式任务有利于在教学中比较全面地训练学生的语言能力。

3.读后活动：阅读后的活动涉及口语和书面的交流。学案提供了大量的背景信息，为学生的语言交流和书面表达个人的想法提供信息和语言支持，也体现了网络教学环境中自主学习的特点。

4.课后活动：充分利用网络，复习探究互动，展开讨论、回帖。课后网络讨论，针对学生的观点，老师、学生可以同时讨论点评，一个问题可以生成很多学习过程和资源。

二、实施案例

地点：西安市第八十三中学网络教室

时间：2011年5月20日第6、7节课

授课班级：高一年级11班

课型：讲读课

内容：What makes a good story？

案例资料来源：Inside Out Advanced Students Book Macmillan Education ISBN 0-333-91940-5

教学过程：

1.学案发布

Good stories

What makes a good story？ Will it be funny， thrilling， sad or weird ？ What makes a story funny？ In how many stages are stories often told？

Read the three stories and choose one that you think is the best of the three stories and give your reasons why it is chosen in at least 50 words.

The spiders bite

A woman decides to take a trip to Jamaica. She spends the week lazing on numerous beaches， but on the last day decides to take a tour through a forested area. She comes across a secluded waterfall， where she decides a swim and then dry off in the sun. The woman falls asleep in the sun and is woken up by a spider crawling on her cheek. She brushes the spider away and think no more of it.

However， after returning home， the woman develops a cyst on her cheek. She goes to her local surgery， where the doctor tells her that they will need to burst the cyst to let the fluid escape. As its a painless procedure， the woman is not anaesthetized. Soon after the doctor makes the first attempt to burst the cyst， the woman hears a gasp and then feels something trickling down her cheeks. She assumes its the fluid. The doctor tells not to panic. Instinctively， she brings her hand to her cheek to wipe off the fluid. At that point she realizes that its not fluid， but rather something crawling on her cheek.

Spiders… hundreds of tiny spiders are crawling all over her face and on her hand. She lets out a blood-curding scream. She is so out of control that she needs to be restrained by several members of staff.

To this date， she remains in the psychiatric ward of the same hospital where the procedure took place.

The killer in the back seat

One night a woman went out for drinks with her friends. At the end of the night she got in her car and drove onto the deserted motorway. She noticed a pair of headlights in her rear view mirror， approaching at a pace just slightly quicker than hers. As the car pulled up behind her， she saw that its indicator on— it was going to pass but then suddenly it served back behind her， pulled up dangerously close and flashed its headlights.

She began to feel nervous. The light dimmed for a moment and then they flashed again. The frightened woman struggled her eyes on the road and didnt dare look at the car behind her. Finally， she reached her turning point but the car continued to follow， flashing its headlights periodically.

Through every red light and turn， it followed her until she arrived home. She decided that her only hope was to make a mad dash into the house and call the police. As she jumped from the car so did the driver in the car behind – and he shouted， “ Lock the door and call the police！”

When the police arrived， the horrible truth was finally revealed to the woman. The man in the car behind her had been trying to save her. As he pulled up behind her and his headlights illuminated her car， he saw the silhouette of a man with a butchers knife rising up from the back seat to stab her， so he flashed his headlights and the figure crouched back down.

The Flat Tyre

Two university students decided to go skiing for the weekend but planned to be back on campus in time to review for an important exam on the Monday morning. However， they were having such a good time on the slopes that they decided to forget about studying for the exam in order to get some final runs in before heading back to university. So they decided to tell their lecturer that they would have to come up with a good excuse for not being prepared for the exam so they decided to tell their lecturer that they had set off with plenty of time to get back and do some studying but that they had got a flat tyre on the way back and therefore deserved to take the exam at a rescheduled time.

When he heard the story the lecturer agreed that it really was just a bad luck， and suggested that they take a few days to study and do the exam at the end of the week. The students， of course， were delighted. At the appointed time， the lecturer greeted them and placed them in two separate rooms to take the exam.

The few questions on the first page were with a minor 10% of the overall mark， and were quite easy. Each student grew progressively more confident as they worked their way through the questions， and sure that they had got away with fooling their lecturer. However， when they turned to the second page they discovered that really they hadnt. The only question on the page， worth 90% of the exam， read： “Which tyre？”

2.学案检测：通过网络教学发布课前预习检测题或相关检测问题，通过检查督促学生预习。

3.讨论呈现：通过网络讨论，激发个性化观点，并通过文字表达记录和展现自己的思想火花。（以下回帖未经改动）

The story called the spider's bite is really a horro story. At the beginning of the story it seems like a common story. But when read to the last paragrath the ending frightened me. So I think a good story must have a well designed story's plot. （孙杨欣）

I think the first one is most good. The story can shake us violently .The ending of the story can not be guessed easily. Because the ending is not credible eought， so we can get more space of imagination. The conflict of the story is not clear. But the description is vivid， make us feel thet as if the spiders are just on our faces. （曹思佳）

This three stories knock me very much. They give the result at last. The endings are surprising and hard to guess. I like the third story best. The story tells us never to tell a lie and you will never get away with the fool mistake. The style of the story is very new and make me excited. （张馨洁）

I think the second is a good story. In the story， it's very continous between part and part. At the beginning， the story gives us a question， which makes us continue reading， but in the end， the ending is out of our thoughts. All of us didn't think the ending like this when we first heard this story. So， I think it is a good story. （陈喆）

An amazing story！ By the spider's bite the woman became a psychosis. Maybe she was lukcy， she hasn't lost her life. The scary feeling maybe causes by the nerve toxin. A good story should reain the audience involvement at last. （于文菁）

I think the best story is the second one. Because at the beginning of this story， quaint but attractive atmosphere draws readers attention.Curiosity makes readers want to know what will hapen in the end. Drama conflict makes the ending surprising but understood， even though it beyonds everyone's expectations. （陈晨旭）

I think the first story is best. I was taken back. I think this story is credible. It is a blood-curding story. When i saw something crawing on her cheek， i felt something crawling on my cheek， too. And i felt cold. The bombshell makes it a good story. And it shocks people well. So i think it is a good story. （郝珍珍）

I want to say something about the stroy "The Killer In The Back Seat" .I think this story is very good . First ，this story has a suspens. second， this story has a tense atomosphere. However， the ending of the story is unexpected. In a word， this story is appealing. （徐雨晨）

Don't lie to others. When you lie to others， you might think others can't know the truth， but when you lie to others， the truth must be obvious. This story tell us two students lied to thier teacher before a examanation. They wanted to go skiing instead of exam. So they told their teacher that they had got a flat tyre. They thought their teacher didn't know the truth， but the teacher did. Lie to others is a bad habbit， if you have something to do， you can tell others the truth. Don't lie to you teachers and friends and your parents. （韩海淳）

A）Yes， the story is credible. B）The big change， conflict and scared atmosphere make it a good story. C）The story's unexpecting ending and the character's ending. （田伟成）

I think this story makes me very shocked， excited and scared. The story has quiet sentenses ，but makes a very scary atmosphere. And the ending is unexpecting. When I read the story， I even can't imagine what will happen nest. （王硕）

I choose the second story. The story is very exciting. I think the most exciting thing is that while the woman was driving home， she did not know there was a bad egg behind her although the bad man wanted to killl her. I think she is very lucky. A GOOD man found the bad egg so he followed the woman to protect her. It was so exciting！ （马东东）

I like the second best， because I think it a great Horror story. When I first saw the title， I thought it will till us a wonderful horror story of murder， it will be very booly. But when I saw the story I moved by the man who want help the woman get rid of the killer， but the woman misunderstanded him. But the man didn't gave up， because he think the live if more valuable than misunderstanded. So he followed the woman until she arrived home safely. I moved by the man， because a Warm-heart is the Most precious a person has. （张宇）

I choose the first story. In the beginning of the story， we can not guess the development of the story， so it interested me a lot， and I wanted to continue reading. As the story goes on， i felt very excited. But the result was amazing， it is a realy blood-curding result， and the story shocked me a lot， and that makes it a good story. （刘佳楠）

I think the best story is the last one . Because it is close to our daily-life. We always think that we are clever and can easily fool teachers but the teachers are cleverer than us and they can easily find that we are lying .

A good story needs a violent problem. In the last story， the violent problem between the teacher and the two students makes us think a lot. （曹思迪）

4.引导探究：针对课程预设目标，引导学生梳理作品结构，深入探究作品特点，实现预期教学目标。

（1）Work with a partner. There are five sections which are normally included in a traditional story. Match them to their definitions on the right.

a）comment ①A complication or

dilemma that affects

the main characteror

characters.

b）background ②The beginning of a

story， possibly

explaining its origin of

giving a general idea

of what is to follow.

c）problem ③The moral of the story

or an explanation of

its wider implications.

d）resolution ④A description of time

and place where the

story is set or its

main character/s

e）introduction ⑤The solution to the

dilemma or

complication that the

main character was

faced with.

（2）What order would you expect the sections to appear in？

（3）Put the following story in order according to your answers to 2.

Androcles

A. As he was wandering about there he found a lion lying down moaning and groaning. At first he turned to run away， but seeing that the lion didnt chase him， he turned back and went up to him. As he approached， the lion put out his paw， which was all swollen and bleeding， and Androcles found that a huge thorn had got into it， and this was causing the lions pain. He pulled out the thorn and bound up the paw of the lion， who was soon able to get up and lick Androcles hand like a dog. Then the lion took Androcles to his cave， and brought him meat to eat every day.

B. Gratitude is the sign of noble souls.

C.Once upon a time a slave called Aadrocles escaped from his master and fled to the forest.

D. But as soon as he came near to Androcles he recognized his friend， and licked his hands like a friendly dog. The Emperor was surprised at this and called Androcles to him， who told him the whole story. When he heard the story the Emperor pardoned and freed the slave， and the lion was let loose into the forest.

E. But shortly afterwards both Androcles and the lion were captured， and the slave was sentenced to be thrown to the lion， who hadnt been given any food for several days. The Emperor and all his court came to see the spectacle， and Androcles was led out into the middle of the arena. Soon the lion was let loose from his den， and rushed towards his victim， bounding and roaring.

5.总结迁移：总结课程知识要点，针对知识要点补充相关内容，从认知、运用等方面进行知识迁移，达到巩固目的。

The Lost Gold Piece

After the First World War， a small group of veterans returned to their village in France. Most of them managed to get along fairly well， but one—Francois Lebeau， who had been gassed and never recovered his strength—was unable to work regularly. In time he became poverty-stricken. Yet he was too proud to accept charity from the people in the village.

Once each year the veterans held a reunion dinner. On one of these occasions they met in the home of Jules Grandin， who had made a good deal of money and had grown fat and pompous. Grandin produced a curiosity—a large gold coin on whose age， rarity and value he dwelt at some length. Each man examined it with interest as it passed around the long table. However， all had drunk wine freely and the room resounded with noisy tale， so that the gold piece was soon forgotten. Later， when Grandin remembered it and asked for it， the coin was missing.

Instantly there arose a hubbub of questions and denials. Finally the village attorney suggested everyone be searched， to which all agreed—except Lebeau. His companions looked at him with surprise.

“You refuse， then？” asked Grandin.

Lebeau flushed， “yes，” he said，“I cannot allow it”.

“Do you realize，” asked the owner of the gold piece，“what your refusal implies？”

“I did not steal the gold piece， and I will not submit to a search，” Lebeau answered.

One by one， the rest of the group turned out their pockets. When the coin failed to appear， attention was focused once more on poor Lebeau.

“Surely you will not persist in your refusal？” the attorney demanded. Lebeau made no reply. Crandin stalked out of the room in anger. No one addressed another word to Lebeau and， amid the pitying stares of his friends， he walked out with the hangdog air of a prisoner and returned to his home.

From that day， Lebeau was a disgraced man. People averted their eyes when they met him. He grew poorer， and when his wife died not long afterward no one knew or cared whether it was from want or shame.

A few years later， when the incident had become almost legendary， Grandin made some alterations in his house. A workman found the gold coin， buried in dirt between planks of the floor in the room where the reunion dinner had been held.

Pompous though he was， Grandin was a just man and now that he had proof that Lebeau was innocent he was quick to make amends. Hurrying to Lebeaus humble home， he told him of the amazing discovery of the coin and apologized for having suspected him.

“But” ， he concluded， “you knew that the gold piece was not on your person-why did you not allow yourself to be searched？

Lebeau， shabby， old before his time， looked at Grandin blankly. “ Because I was a thief”， he said brokenly. “ For weeks my family and I had not had enough to eat and my pockets were full of food that I had taken from the table to carry home to my wife and hungry children.”

6.归纳小结并提出进一步的思考题：

Conflict

Every story involves conflict. It may show as one person struggling against another， against some outside force such as fate or nature， or against himself. What conflict does Lebeau face？ Knowing the kind of person Lebeau is， do you find his conflict believable？ Explain. Would you call Lebeau a fool？ Do you feel sorry for him？ Do you think he got what he deserved？ Discuss. What is Lebeaus great weakness？

三、教后反思

近两年的教学实践证明学生非常喜欢这个平台，参与的热情旺，学习效率高，特别是寒暑假期间，教师对学生的学习有了较好的掌控。为了使课外阅读在所有的学生那得到落实，在2011年的暑期我们布置作业是让每个学生将老师精心准备的约20，000字阅读材料翻译成汉语。不同的学生对文章有不同的理解，有不同的译文形式和风格，他们对文章的处理有着很大的选择余地，这是一个既能体现个性又能体现创造性的作业。整个暑假期间，学生们在网上所谈论到的热门话题，就是如何处理翻译当中的长难句、交流翻译当中的感想、体会英汉语言中的语法差别。

学案的发布，相关话题的发起，让学生参与各种有利于语言学习和语言运用的活动，引导学生合作探究。在热烈的网络讨论中，同学间增进了了解和友情，多了欣赏彼此间的才华的机会，极大地满足了一些学生的表现欲，也极大地调动了学生的学习积极性和创造性，使他们有了成就感，尝到了学习的甜头。 在互相学习中迸发出的思想火花、个性化观点，完整、流畅的思维过程在他们提交的一个个回帖中呈现。每当我在回帖中看到语言贴切，表达地道的英语句子时，内心满是激动和欢喜。

学生的回帖中有许多语法问题，不少单词拼写错误。这些问题只要不影响交流，能达到相互沟通目的，就不要刻意去修改，过分的强调。在交流中，改错不是重要的环节，重要的是让学生保持能用英语表达自己的热情。网上讨论中，老师的示范，同学中写出的漂亮句子，给出错的同学提示，供他们学习。他们会在不断地参与中意识到问题所在，修正、完善自己的表达。鼓励肯定、相互影响和积极引导，让学生盼望着下一次网谈。如果把学生的学习潜能挖掘出来了，就不怕他们不学英语，更不需要强调学习英语的重要性。

从基于QQ群平台上的英语教学形式来看，教师讲得少，学生活动量大，看似很轻松，但教师并不省心省力，教师作用匿藏在课前的备课过程中。选择贴近学生生活的话题和为展开话题向学生提供合适材料支持，是成功组织一次讨论的保证。学法指导是新课程改革要求教师予以更多关注的一个方面。教师还要考虑在教学中设计引导学生用最佳的学习策略，在课外的时间自主有效地学习，把新的教学思路延伸到课外，培养他们形成良好的课外学习习惯，为具有终生学习的能力打下基础。

教育信息化时代已经来临，特别是互联网的发展，正在改变整个教育体系和教育过程，改变教育方法，改变师生关系。信息技术下，开放性学习方式和开展创造性学习、创造性地运用语言的活动，增强了学生的批判性思维能力、合作技能和解决问题的能力，使学生拥有学习主动权。在新型的教学环境下，学生和教师是平等的知识的发现者和创造者，师生应该在宽松、和谐的氛围中相互信任、尊重和支持。开放性教育过程将是师生互动的生成性的和创造性的过程。教育信息化的根本就是互联网，互联、互动，将会把正规教育、非正规教育、非正式教育融为一体，使这个社会进入到一个学习型社会。信息技术的发展对教育的改革，对教育的革新将是不可避免的。

参考文献：

[1]顾明远 战后世界教育发展的历程和中外教育的比较【J】外国中小学教育2012，（2）1-5

[2]李嘉玮 论后现代转换中的师生关系【J】外国中小学教育2012，（2）39-43

[3]教育部.普通高中英语课程标准（实验）〔M〕.北京：人民教育出版社 2003.

[4]国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要 中央政府门户网站 www.gov.cn 2010年07月29日