任红霞 姬光荣 吴庚坤
摘 要: 为改善海洋环境雷达的检测性能,基于海杂波后向散射特性,对GIT,TSC,NRL三种典型海杂波后向散射系数经验模型进行仿真,并与实测数据进行对比,以均方差检验法作为拟合优度评价标准,分析了三种模型的拟合特点,给出了三种模型的适用性,结果表明,改进的NRL模型与实测数据拟合得最好,TSC模型次之, GIT模型拟合效果最差,其适用性随海况、擦地角、极化方式的变化而呈现出不同特点。
关键词: 海杂波; 后向散射; 经验模型; 均方差检验法
中图分类号: TN911.7?34 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2014)19?0069?03
Empirical model research on backscatter coefficient of sea clutter
REN Hong?xia, JI Guang?rong, WU Geng?kun
(College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)
Abstract: In order to improve the detection performance of radar working in the marine environment, GIT, TSC, NRL three empirical models of typical backscatter coefficient were simulated based on the backscattering properties of the sea clutter. The results were compared with the measured data. MSD is adopted as the evaluation criteria of fitting goodness to analyze the fitting characteristics of the three models. The applicability of the three models is given. The analysis results show that the improved NRL model fits with the measured data best, the TSC model is better, and the GIT model is worst, whose applicability presents different characteristics with the change of sea state, grazing angle, polarization mode.
Keywords: sea clutter; backscattering; empirical model; MSD method
0 引 言
雷达照射海面,海面对雷达信号的后向散射回波即为海杂波。由于雷达以辐射电磁能和检测回波信号的方式进行工作,海杂波的存在势必会影响海面目标的检测与追踪,降低雷达系统的工作性能[1?2]。因此,海杂波是影响海洋环境雷达探测目标的主要因素。
海杂波的强弱受多方面因素影响,主要包括自然因素和雷达参数,如浪高、风速、风向、风的持续时间、入射余角、雷达频率、天线模式、发射功率、极化方式等[1]。对海杂波特性进行深入了解,基于海杂波特性建立仿真模型,通过设置雷达参数和环境因素来模拟仿真海杂波,从而指导雷达系统设计,抑制杂波,提取海面回波有用信号,最大限度地降低海杂波对雷达目标信号检测的干扰。
1 海杂波后向散射系数模型
海杂波后向散射特性是海杂波的重要特性之一。海杂波的强弱用单位面积的雷达横截面积[σ0]来表示,[σ0]表征单位面积的雷达照射区域对电磁波后向散射能力的平均强度,又称为后向散射系数[4]。……