于杰 许安定 杨超 张永华
摘要 为解决重庆地区烟草育苗大棚闲置期长、利用率低等问题,以重庆烟草大棚地理位置、环境气候、综合设施为基础,从发展花卉种植、水生蔬菜、反季节蔬菜、合作模式等角度,加大烟草大棚的使用率,增加农户收入,以期对重庆大棚设施综合利用、发展辅助产业提出科学的建议。
关键词 烟草育苗大棚;综合利用;现状;发展建议
中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)31-10879-02
The Current Situation of Comprehensive Utilization and Development Suggestions on Tobacco Seedling Greenhouse in Chongqing
YU Jie1,2, XU Anding1, YANG Chao1, ZHANG Yonghua3*
(1. Chongqing Tobacco Science Research Institute, Chongqing 400716; 2. College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716; 3. Chongqing City Tobacco Companies Pengshui Branch, Chongqing 420017)
Abstract For the purpose of solving the problem about long idle periods and low utilization of tobacco seedling greenhouse in Chongqing area, on the basis of geographical location, climate, comprehensive facilities, from the perspective of the development of floriculture, aquatic vegetables, antiseason vegetables, cooperation mode, the use of tobacco sheds and farmers' incomes were improved, so as to provide scientific suggestions for the development of comprehensive utilization of Chongqing greenhouse facilities and auxiliary industry.
Key words Tobacco seedling greenhouse; Comprehensive utilization; Current situation; Development suggestions
烟草是国民经济重要支柱,重庆也是我国重要烟叶产区之一,重庆烟区多分布于海拔800~1 400 m的各区县山区,经济较为落后。烟草大棚是由烟草公司投入兴建的,主要进行烟苗的培育,是利民惠民的重要举措。烟草育苗大棚具有保温透光、温湿度可控、配套设施齐全等特点,但除大棚育苗期外其他时间为空闲期,给烟草行业和社会造成了极大的资源浪费[1]。烟草大棚的综合利用能显著地提高经济效益,带动山区烟农增收致富,促进烟草产业健康发展。我国利用保护设施栽培作物有着悠久的历史,使用塑料大棚培育烟草幼苗,可追溯到20世纪90年代[2]。近年来,利用温室大棚简易实用、投资少、高效益等特点进行大棚集约化培育生产烟苗,极大地提高了育苗效率,促進了烟草产业的发展[3-4]。
1 烟草育苗大棚利用现状分析
烟草是重庆农业重要的支柱产业之一,很多区县(例如彭水、巫山、石柱、巫溪等)大规模的种植烟草,基本上采用大棚培育和露地栽植的栽培模式,大棚培育烟苗的基础设施齐全,生产效率高,通过烟农的精心栽培管理,产量在近几年内不断增加。……