有氧耐力可训练性差异与运动适应性循环microRNA表达谱特征的关联性

薛源++李岩++徐思

摘 要：miRNA调控机体对训练应激的适应能力，其调控模式影响有氧耐力可训练性。循环miRNA（c-miRNA）与miRNA密切相关，分析不同有氧耐力可训练性水平群体的运动适应性c-miRNA表达变化差异，可获得与训练敏感性相关的c-miRNA表达谱特征。结果显示：高可训练性表型在有氧训练应激诱导下差异表达17条c-miRNA，其中11条上调，6条下调或平稳，其调控功能主要涉及低氧适应通路和脂肪酸β氧化代谢的关键基因表达。提示：有氧耐力可训练性差异与机体低氧适应能力和脂肪酸β氧化供能能力，对有氧训练应激诱导作用的反应性密切相关。miRNA调控并整合机体应激适应性基因表达。c-miRNA差异表达谱可用来评估有氧耐力可训练性，预测有氧能力发展潜力。

关 键 词：运动生物化学；有氧耐力；可训练性；循环微核苷酸；最大摄氧量；关联模型；

运动性适应

中图分类号：G804.7 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2015）04-0139-06

Correlation between aerobic endurance trainability difference and the expression

spectrum characteristics of sport adaptive circulating microRNA

XUE Yuan1，LI Yan2，XU Si3

（1.School of Physical Education，Sichuan Normal University，Chengdu 610101，China；

2.School of Physical Education，Ludong University，Yantai 264025，China；

3.Sichuan Academy of Medical Science，Sichuan Provincial Hospital，Chengdu 610031，China）

Abstract： miRNA regulates the bodys ability to adapt to training stress； its regulating pattern affects aerobic endurance trainability. Circulating miRNA （c-miRNA） is closely related to miRNA； by analyzing differences in the changing of sport adaptive c-miRNA expression of groups of people at different aerobic endurance trainability levels， the authors can acquire the expression spectrum characteristics of c-miRNA sensitively correlative with training. Results： induced by aerobic training stress， the phenotype with high trainability differentially expressed 17 c-miRNAs， 11 of which were up-regulated， 16 of which were down-regulated or steady， its regulating function mainly involved with hypoxia adaptation pathway and the key gene expression of fatty acid β-oxidation metabolism. Hint： aerobic endurance trainability difference is close related to the reactivity of the bodys hypoxia adaptation ability and fatty acid β-oxidation energy supply ability to the induction function of aerobic training. miRNA regulates and integrates the bodys stress adaptive gene expression. C-miRNA differential expression spectrum can be used to evaluate aerobic endurance trainability， and to predict aerobic ability development potential.

Key words： sports biochemistry；aerobic endurance；trainability；c-miRNAs；maximum oxygen uptake；correlation model；sports adaption

杰出运动能力的形成与运动天赋和长期刻苦训练密不可分。运动性适应能力好的运动员的可训练性更强，成绩提高更快，训练效果更好[1]。表观遗传学机制调控营养、训练等环境应激因素诱导的适应过程的基因选择性表达，其基因调控模式具有个体差别并可稳定遗传[2]，可能是产生运动能力及可训练性个体差异的原因。目前对于表观遗传学基因调控模式与运动能力的可训练性的具体关联所知甚少，因而无法将其作为指标应用于运动员选材和个性化训练。

microRNA基因表达调控作用是环境应激适应性基因表达的主要表观遗传学调控方式[3]，其调控模式与环境应激适应能力的个体差异有关，应激适应过程中的microRNA表达谱反映了其调控模式和强度[4]。……