海南岛南繁区棉花根结线虫病发生情况调查及综合防治

2015-09-10 13:01:29符美英芮凯符尚娇陈绵才
热带农业科学 2015年8期

符美英++芮凯++符尚娇++陈绵才

摘 要 用5点法调查海南岛南繁区棉花根结线虫病,并采集棉花根结线虫病样本。运用形态学观察和同工酶分析鉴定棉花根结线虫。结果表明:(1)南繁区的南滨农场和师部农场的棉花根结线虫病发病率达40%,发病程度最高为3级,根结指数最高为29;(2)鉴定该棉花根结线虫为南方根结线虫。初步提出棉花根结线虫病的防治方法主要是农业防治、生物防治、物理防治和化学防治相结合的综合防治方法。

关键词 南繁区棉花 ;根结线虫病 ;鉴定 ;综合防治

分类号 S435.62

Survey and Comprehensive Prevention of Root Knot Nematode Disease

on Cotton in South Area of Hainan Island

Fu Meiying Rui Kai Fu Shangjiao Chen Miancai

(Plant Protection Institute / Hainan Key Laboratory for Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China)

Abstract Investigation cotton root knot nematode disease in Hainan island with 5 point method, and collecting of cotton root knot nematode. Nematodes were identified by using the methods of morphology observation and isozyme analysis. The result shows (1)Through of the survey, cotton root knot nematode disease was found incidence was 40%, and the incidence degree up to level 3, index of root knot up to 29 in two farms. (2) Nematodes were identified as Meloidogyne incognita. Agricultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical control combination was used to controlling for cotton root knot nematode disease of preliminary.

Keywords south area cotton ; root knot nematode disease ; identification ; comprehensive prevention

素有“天然大温室”之称的三亚市,已建成我国最大的南繁育种基地。统计表明,50年来,我国大面积推广的棉花、瓜菜、杂交水稻和杂交玉米等作物品种有80%以上都经过了南繁加代选育,生产品种更新周期由过去的10年以上缩短到目前的5~7年,南繁已成为我国新品种选育的“加速器”。南繁育种基地有“中国农作物新品种的摇篮”的美誉。南繁基地独特的地理环境条件不仅有利于农作物育种,同时也有利于有害生物生长繁衍。而这些有害生物给育种工作带来一定的困难,如根结线虫。根结线虫是一类在经济上极为重要的植物专性寄生线虫,广泛分布于世界各地,在35°S和35°N之间的地区分布最多[1]。目前根结线虫已报道有90多个种,但是Karssen认为81个为有效种[2]。根结线虫是普遍而重要的农作物病原线虫,一般造成农作物减产10%~20%,严重的达75%以上。常见的4个种根结线虫最具危害性,在根结线虫所引起的整个栽培作物的损失中,它们造成的损失占90%以上[3]。……

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