绵阳市湿地资源现状及其保护建议

骆婷 石佳 樊春红

摘要在野外调查及查阅相关资料的基础上，分析了绵阳市湿地资源的特征、保护和管理的现状，阐述了绵阳市湿地资源保护利用中存在的主要问题，并针对湿地保护管理现状提出了相应的保护建议，旨在为绵阳市湿地资源的可持续利用及保护提供参考。调查分析结果显示，绵阳市湿地面积达28 913.84 hm2，以人工湿地和河流湿地为主，湿地类型较为单一且分布不均；湿地生物资源、水资源丰富，景观资源开发潜力大；当前，绵阳市湿地资源保护主要面临着湿地管理涉及部门多、协调难度大、湿地保护法律法规体系不健全、公众的湿地保护意识不强等问题。

关键词湿地资源；现状；保护对策；绵阳市

中图分类号S181；P962文献标识码

A文章编号0517-6611（2015）31-243-04

The Current Situation and Protection Countermeasures of Wetland Resources in Mianyang

LUO Ting1， SHI Jia2*， FAN Chunhong1

（1. College of Life Sciences， Sichuan Normal University， Chengdu， Sichuan 610101； 2. Jinjiang Environmental Monitoring Station of Chengdu， Chengdu， Sichuan 610061）

Abstract Based on field investigations and reference data， the basic conditions， conservation and management of wetland resources in Mianyang were introduced. And the main problems existing in protection and utilization of wetland resources were analyzed. According to current situation of wetland protection and management， some conservation countermeasures were presented in order to ensure the sustainable use of wetlands and wetland resources. The results showed that： The total area of wetland in Mianyang was up to 28 913.84 hm2. River wetlands and constructed wetlands were the main types of wetlands. Mianyangs wetland characterized in the single type and uneven distribution. The wetland biological resources and water resources were abundant， and landscape resources were high value of developing utilization. Mianyang wetland resources protection faced the following problems： wetland management department is numerous， there is difficult in coordination； wetland protection laws and regulations system is not sound； public wetland protection consciousness is not high， etc.

Key words Wetland resources； Status； Protection countermeasure； Mianyang City

按照《濕地公约》的定义，湿地（wetland）是指天然的或人工的，永久的或间歇性的沼泽地、泥炭地、水域地带，带有静止或流动，淡水或半咸水及咸水水体，包括低潮时水深不超过6 m的海域[1]。湿地与森林、海洋并称为地球三大生态系统[2-3]，是自然界最富生物多样性的生态系统和人类最重要的生存环境之一[4-6]，具有提供水源、净化水质、吸收和降解有毒物质等众多生态功能[5，7]。因此，湿地享有“地球之肾”、“生物超市”、“基因库”等称号[9-12]。同时，作为人类重视最晚的一种资源，湿地往往被当作无用之地而遭到严重的破坏[13-14]。随着对湿地价值认知水平的提高，湿地保护愈加受到重视，湿地已成为许多国家环境保护的重点[14]。

我国湿地研究起步较晚，长期的认识不足使得大量的湿地资源遭到破坏，湿地保护形势异常严峻，面临着湿地面积减少、水质恶化、生态功能下降等问题[12，15-17]。……