张娟玲等
摘要:中药经皮给药制剂是目前国内研究的热点,促透剂在处方中的合理应用及其评价方法也日益受到重视。本文综述了近年来天然促透剂与合成促透剂在中药经皮给药制剂处方设计中的应用,并分析了其中存在的问题及发展前景。
关键词:天然促透剂;合成促透剂;中药经皮给药制剂;综述
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2015.09.041
中图分类号:R283.6 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2015)09-0134-03
Research Progress and Application of Penetration Enhancers in TCM Transdermal Medicine Delivery Preparations ZHANG Juan-ling1, WANG Ying2, YAO Xing-chen3, DUAN Ya-bin3, LI Xiang-yang3 (1.College of Ecological and Environment Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;2.Pharmacy Department, Huangzhong First People's Hospital, Huangzhong 811600, China;3.Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China)
Abstract:Because TCM transdermal medicine delivery preparations are hot spots in domestic researches, the rational application of penetration enhancers in prescriptions and the evaluation methods become increasingly important. This article reviewed the recent application of natural penetration enhancers and synthetic penetration enhancers in the prescription design of TCM transdermal medicine delivery preparations, and analyzed the existing problems and development prospects.
Keywords:natural penetration enhancers;synthetic penetration enhancers;TCM transdermal medicine delivery preparations;review
促透劑不仅能可逆地改变皮肤角质层的屏障功能,又能在不损伤任何活性细胞的条件下,辅助药物穿过角质层,扩散通过皮肤,由毛细血管进入体循环。中药经皮给药制剂,是在中医药理论指导下,发挥局部作用或全身治疗作用的中药外用制剂,经皮吸收,可避免肝脏首过效应。中药处方多为复方,成分复杂,但经皮给药制剂要求药物分子量小,溶解度适宜,且载药量小,因此中药经皮给药制剂的透皮吸收受到一定限制。研究和选用高效促透剂成为中药经皮给药制剂研究的重要方面。
目前,促透剂主要分为天然促透剂与合成促透剂。天然促透剂多为辛温解表药、开窍药、活血药、芳香化湿药等,具有起效快、不良反应少、污染小等优点,其主要包括萜类、内酯、生物碱等,以萜类研究较多,包括单萜、倍半萜及精油等。合成促透剂主要包括氮酮及其类似物、吡咯烷酮及其同系物、氨基酸及其衍生物、双氧环烷类、有机酸及其酯、醇类、亚砜类、磷脂和磷酸盐以及酰胺类等。
1 天然促透剂
高氏等[1]以离体昆明种小鼠皮肤为透皮吸收屏障,发现丁香油和高良姜油均能促进阿魏酸的透皮吸收。……