护士职业获益感对职业倦怠的影响研究

胡　菁，刘晓虹



护士职业获益感对职业倦怠的影响研究

胡菁，刘晓虹

摘要：[目的]探索护士职业获益感对其职业倦怠的影响，以期为护理教育者、管理者引导护士感受职业获益、减轻职业倦怠、维护身心健康提供参考依据。[方法]运用Maslach 倦怠量表和自行研制的护士职业获益感问卷对274名护士的职业获益感及其职业倦怠状况进行调查，并进行相关性分析。[结果]护士职业获益感总分为(138.45±17.25)分；职业倦怠中情感耗竭和去人格化维度得分高于常模，个人成就感维度得分高于常模；职业获益感与其职业倦怠量表中情感耗竭、去人格化维度得分呈负相关，与个人成就感得分呈正相关；职业获益感可解释情感耗竭、去人格化及个人成就感的31.6%、13.1%、9.2%的变异。[结论]引导护士感受职业获益感有助于减轻其职业倦怠程度，维护身心健康。

关键词：护士；职业获益感；职业倦怠；身心健康

Study on influence of occupational benefit on job burnout of nurses

Hu Jing,Liu Xiaohong(Shanda University of Shanghai City,Shanghai 201209 China)

AbstractObjective： To explore the effect of nursing occupational benefit on the job burnout,in order to provide reference for nursing educators and managers to guide the nurses to occupational benefit,to reduce the job burnout,and to maintain physical and mental health.Methods:The Maslach burnout inventory and self - developed nurses’ occupational benefit questionnaire were used to investigate 274 nurses’ occupational benefit and their job burnout，and do correlation analysis.Results:The general score in the nurses’ occupational benefit was 138.45±17.25.Burnout score in the emotional exhaustion and occupational benefit was higher than the normal model.Personal accomplishment dimension score was higher than the normal model.Occupational benefit was negatively related to emotional exhaustion and depersonality dimension scores in burnout inventory,positive correlation with personal achievement score.Occupational benefit could be explained by the 31.6%,13.1% and 9.2% variation of emotional exhaustion,depersonality and personal accomplishment.Conclusion: To lead the nurses to feel the occupational benefit was helpful to reduce their job burnout and maintain their physical and mental health.

Key wordsnurses;occupational benefit;job burnout;physical and psychological health

护士职业获益感是指护士在从业过程中感知到职业带给自身的收获和益处，认同从事护士职业能促进自我的全面成长[1]。而职业倦怠则是个体长期处于工作压力状态下出现的一种身心消耗过度、精力衰竭的综合症状[2]。社会认知理论强调个体的认知评价因素在其工作压力与职业倦怠间具有调节效应，因此已有学者依据“认知评价是社会生活事件导致应激反应的关键中介因素”，将研究视角转换到影响护士身心健康的内在因素[3-6]。职业获益感作为护士对职业的积极认知评价，或许可有效调节护士对职业的消极情绪，缓解职业倦怠。……