任梅荣 赵博
【摘要】女性抑郁症的发病率明显高于男性,约为男性的两倍,但国内外研究机制甚少。脑源性神经生长因子(BDNF)表达的变化与抑郁症的发病特别是性别差异性具有相关性。BDNF是否为中医的药效学起效靶点之一,是中医对于治疗抑郁症的一个新思路和对策。
【关键词】抑郁症;脑源性神经生长因子;性别差异
【Abstract】The incidence of female depression was significantly higher than that of male, about two times of male, but the mechanism of domestic and foreign research is little.. The changes of brain source nerve growth factor (BDNF) expression are related to the gender difference in the onset of depression, especially for sex differences. Whether BDNF is one of the targets for pharmacodynamics of TCM, and a new way for treating depression by TCM.
Keywords: Depression; BDNF ; Gender Difference
Fund Assistance: The incidence of depression in female was significantly higher than that of male, twice as much as male, but the research mechanism is very little at home and abroad. The changes in the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were correlated with the incidence of depression in particular. BDNF is one of the targets for the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, and is a new way.
Project supported: The Science and Technology Research Funds of Guizhou Province,[GEPH J(2013)2067].
Health and Family Planning Commission of GuiZhou Province, The Science and Technology Research Funds Project [gzwjkj2014-1-040].
前言
脑源性神经生长因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF)在中枢神经系统发育中对神经元的分化、生长和维持神经元正常生理功能起着关键作用,BDNF在抑郁症中作用的发现是近几年对抑郁症发病机制的一项重要发现。BDNF和抑郁症的性别差异是否也具有相关性,是新的研究方向。
1 脑源神经营养因子
BDNF是哺乳动物脑内分布最广泛含量最高的神经营养因子,其在1982年由Brade等首次从猪脑提取液中提取纯化[1]。BDNF广泛的分布于整个神经系统、内分泌系统、骨和软组织等部位,但主要在中枢神经系统内表达,在海马和皮质的含量最高。它不仅分布于胞体,在突出中也有分布[4]。1991年Ozcelik等明确了人类的BDNF基因[2]。BDNF基因位于11pl-3和大鼠12号染色体上,属于碱性蛋白质,其成熟形式有119个氨基酸,等电点约为10。BDNF在体液中以非共价键二聚体的形式存在,主要由β折叠和无规则卷曲二级结构组成,分子中有六个胱氨酸残基,可以形成三个二硫键。BDNF基因中某些调节原件调控着BDNF基因的表达,如神经细胞限制性沉默原件(neuron-restrictive silencer element, NRSE),钙反应元件(calcium CARE)等[3]。BDNF的受体有低亲和性受体,分别为低亲和性P75和高亲和性受体P145及TrkB。
在脑的发育过程中,前期BDNF表达水平很低,从胎龄15天到出生后2周内开始逐渐增高[4]。……