基于姿态分析的自导引小车控制器的设计

2016-06-07 17:18:06董玉德陈光超杨先龙王桂英张剑锋
汽车工程学报 2016年3期

董玉德+陈光超+杨先龙+王桂英+张剑锋

摘 要:通过对自导引小车(Automated Guide Vehicle,AGV)的国内外市场以及技术现状的分析,设计了适用于工厂车间的低成本AGV。运用ATmega128单片机设计了基于姿态研究的AGV模糊控制器,采用模糊控制算法对AGV两轮差速转向进行控制,提出了基于姿态分析对小车行驶状态进行优化,并进行了不同道路的运动试验。试验表明,加入了姿态分析的模糊控制器能够对小车的某些特殊运行点的姿态进行预判断,并在AGV行驶过程中更为有效地保证小车运行姿态,同时减小小车运行时产生的超调,使小车更为准确地追踪导引路径。

关键词:自动导引小车;姿态分析;模糊控制;分析试验

中图分类号: TP273+.4文献标文献标识码:A文献标DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1469.2016.03.03

Abstract:Through the analysis of the domestic and foreign markets and technology status of automated guide vehicle (AGV) systems, a low-cost automated guide vehicle was designed for factory floor. In this paper, the ATmaga128 was used to design a fuzzy controller for the AGV based on posture analysis. The fuzzy controller algorithm was put forward to control the two-wheel difference speed steering AGV, the driving state was optimized based on posture analysis and the AGV had been tested on different roads. The results show that the fuzzy controller with posture analysis can pre-judge the driving posture of AGV at some special points. Meanwhile, the driving posture of AGV can be controlled more effectively, and the overshoot of AGV in the running process can be reduced, which keeps AGV following the guiding line more accurately.

Keywords:automated guided vehicle; posture analysis; fuzzy controller; analysis test

近几年,随着我国工业领域中柔性制造及装配系统的应用逐步增多,AGV也越来越受到各行业的重视[1]。但我国的AGV发展起步较晚,技术普遍落后于欧美国家,产品更新较慢,核心竞争力较小,且大量的关键技术被欧美企业掌控,在中国发展中低端的AGV产品更具市场竞争力。该种产品不要求功能强大,只需满足正常的搬运要求即可[2]。因此,如何有效控制AGV的搬送、运行便成为发展该类产品的核心问题[3]。目前,我国研究AGV技术的高校众多,但多以先进的AGV技术研究为主,只有极少数涉及这种低成本AGV研究。

针对更符合中国市场的低成本AGV进行分析研究,同时依托某企业的实际项目进行了产品的研发设计与试验。结合模糊控制理论与特殊姿态分析方法对AGV模糊控制器进行设计与优化。……

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