某MPV车型变速器异常振动噪声识别分析

谢慧敏+卢剑伟+张笑+胡俊生+吕孟理

摘 要：对某在研MPV车型NVH性能测试中发现的变速器异常振动噪声进行声振测试及辨识分析，应用阶次分析对其故障特征进行辨识，探讨异常振动噪声的发生机理。基于Romax软件平台建立变速器的动力学分析模型，对其固有特性和动态响应特性进行分析，提出了一种变速器空载齿轮敲击的评价指标，以发动机气缸压力实测数据为输入，考察不同转速下空载齿轮敲击评价指标的变化。分析结果与试验数据吻合。

关键词：阶次分析；传动系；振动噪声；评价指标

中图分类号： U467.4+93文献标文献标识码：A文献标DOI：10.3969/j.issn.2095-1469.2016.03.07

Abstract：The method of order analysis based on noise and vibration tests was used to identify the abnormal vibration and noise sources of automobile transmission， and the mechanism of noise generation was also investigated. Based on the results， a precise dynamic model for transmission that caused the noise was established with Romax software， and the model was further validated based on experimental results. A novel evaluation index for gear rattle was proposed. The input excitation of gear rattle was acquired by calculating the output torque fluctuation of engine. The torque fluctuation was obtained by taking advantage of actual engine cylinder pressure under various engine speeds and the index for different speeds was discussed and verified. The analysis results agree with the experimental data.

Keywords：order analysis； driveline； noise； assessment index

车辆NVH性能是产品设计研发中需要重点考虑的关键技术指标之一。其中，变速器的异常振动噪声识别分析及控制问题是目前车辆产品研发中的技术难点之一。

变速器中包含箱体、齿轮传动系统、同步器、换挡装置等诸多零部件，是一个非常复杂的系统。由于在制造和装配中存在误差以及负荷等外部因素变化的影响，箱体内零部件在工作时会产生异常振动，产生辐射噪声。该噪声可以分为两种：一种是齿轮啮合产生的噪声通过壳体直接辐射到空气中产生的空气声，另一种是箱体受到激励而产生异常振动向空气辐射的结构声[1]。

变速器齿轮敲击也是产品研发中较为常见的一种异常振动噪声。敲击过程中既存在齿面、齿背碰撞状态，也存在齿轮正常啮合状态，激励幅值的大小是影响敲击振动的重要因素[2]。……