ORVR系统加油管液封性能数值模拟

2016-06-07 17:26:12汤水清陈家庆刘美丽侯燕
汽车工程学报 2016年3期

汤水清+陈家庆+刘美丽+侯燕

摘 要:车载加油油气回收(Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery,ORVR)是一种新近出现的加油油气排放控制技术。为研究ORVR加油管的液封性能和机理,借助商业计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)软件Ansys Fluent及后处理软件Tecplot,建立三维加油管数值模拟模型,分析加油管内部流场及汽油体积分布,讨论了加油管直径和加油速度对液封形成的影响,针对现有的加油管结构进行改进尝试,并对其液封性能进行了验证。结果表明,减小加油管直径有利于液封形成,加油速度越大,形成液封所需的时间越短,所提出的新型结构能够快速形成有效液封。为国内自主研发设计ORVR加油管奠定了一定的基础。

关键词:车载加油油气回收;计算流体力学;加油管液封;气液两相流动

中图分类号: U464.136+.5文献标文献标识码:A文献标DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1469.2016.03.06

Abstract:To investigate the liquid seal performance and mechanism of the ORVR (On-board Refueling Vapor Recovery) filler pipe, with the help of commercial CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) software ANSYS FLUENT and post-processing software TECPLOT, a three-dimensional model of filler pipe was established. The flow field inside the filler pipe and gasoline volume distribution were analyzed, the impacts of the pipe diameter and filling velocity on liquid seal formation were discussed, an improved structure was proposed, and its performance of liquid seal was verified. The results demonstrate that reducing the diameter of the filler pipe is beneficial to forming a liquid seal. The greater the rate of fuel, the shorter the time required to form a liquid seal will be. The proposed improved structure is verified to be effective in the formation of a liquid seal. Generally speaking, this study laid a certain foundation for autonomous research and development of the ORVR filler pipe.

Keywords:on-board refueling vapor recovery ; computational fluid dynamics; filler pipe liquid seal; gas-liquid two phase flow

汽车蒸发排放产生的挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs)不仅是大气中VOCs的重要源头之一,而且会造成巨大的能源损失[1-3],仅加油过程的蒸发排放所造成的能源损失就占中国每年能源损失的0.26%[4]。随着汽车排放标准和环境保护法规日趋严格,基于机动车加油油气排放控制的ORVR系统逐渐受到人们的重视[5-8]。一般而言,ORVR系统借助加油过程中在加油管内所形成的液封结构,使挥发性油气通过“加油管—燃油箱—活性碳罐—发动机”的路径被回收利用,而非通过加油口无组织地排放到车身之外或被回抽到地下储油罐。加油管内形成有效的液封结构是ORVR系统得以正常工作的前提和保障,对其进行分析研究和有效预测就显得尤为重要。……

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