吴南顺
[摘要] 围绝经期抑郁症是指首发于围绝经期的抑郁症,目前具体病理生理机制不明,但与围绝经期卵巢激素水平的波动有关。因此,激素替代疗法可能是通过激素稳定效应,从而发挥抗抑郁作用。本文旨在概述目前关于激素替代疗法治疗围绝经期抑郁症的研究。当前研究证据表明,激素替代疗法,尤其是经皮雌二醇疗法对围绝经期抑郁症有一定疗效,但仅针对围绝经期和绝经早期女性。
[关键词] 围绝经期;抑郁症;激素替代疗法;雌激素;孕酮
[中圖分类号] R711.59 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2016)02(c)-0038-05
Research progress on hormone replacement therapy of perimenopausal depressive disorder
WU Nanshun
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, China
[Abstract] Perimenopausal depressive disorder (PDD) refers to new depression which occurs in perimenopause. Currently, its pathophysiological mechanisms remain uncertain, but related to ovarian hormone fluctuation. Thus, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), through its hormone-stabilizing effects, may display an antidepressant function. This article reviews the most recent literature of HRT in treating PDD. The available evidence supports that HRT, especially estrogen delivered through a skin patch, has a certain effect in the treatment of PDD, but only among peri- and early postmenopausal women.
[Key words] Perimenopause; Depressive disorder; Hormone replacement therapy; Estrogen; Progesterone
全球范围内,抑郁症的发病率男性为5.8%,而女性为9.5%[1]。众多资料表明,女性发生抑郁症的风险高于男性,其中围绝经期抑郁症(perimenopausal depressive disorder,PDD)发生率逐年增加,尤其是有过负面经历的女性,发病风险更高,在发达国家可高达26%~33%[2]。PDD的危害不仅限于抑郁症状本身,有报道称患有PDD的女性死于心血管病的风险增加50%[3]。因此正确认识和治疗PDD显得十分重要,本文通过分析最新研究,探讨激素替代疗法(hormone replacement therapy,HRT)在PDD患者中的应用。
1 PDD的相关概念
1.1 围绝经期的新概念
围绝经期通常是指由于卵巢功能的衰退,从绝经前开始出现绝经相关的内分泌、生物学和临床症状,至完全绝经后1年的这段时期。围绝经期平均持续4年[4],但月经周期改变可能追溯到绝经前4~8年[5]。最新的生殖衰老分期标准(STRAW+10)[6]将围绝经期分为以下3个阶段:绝经过渡早期(-2),持续的月经周期紊乱,前10个周期中至少有2个连续周期的经期改变≥7 d;绝经过渡晚期(-1),前12个月停经间期≥60 d;……