基于灰色关联分析的水鸟与气候要素的响应关系研究

2016-10-24 19:37:49邹丽丽
安徽农学通报 2016年16期

邹丽丽

摘 要:该研究选取1979—2009年1月份的米埔湿地内的水鸟和7种与水鸟密切相关的气候要素,通过灰色关联分析的方法,探讨水鸟与气候要素的响应关系。结果表明:从整体来看,水鸟对于气候要素的关联性较强。其中,留鸟对本区气候适应能力相比较候鸟较强;随着时间推移,水鸟对于天然气候要素的适应逐年减弱,人为因素对于水鸟数量和种类的变化的影响越来越成为主导。另外,从不同种类水鸟与气候要素的关联程度来看,不同种类水鸟对于气候的适应程度具有一定的差异性,水鸟本身的生活习性特征决定了不同种类的水鸟对气候具有一定的适应和应对的能力,例如,擅长飞行的鹈形目对于最低能见度时数的关联性最强,擅长游泳的对于降水的关联性最小。

关键词:水鸟;湿地;气候;响应;米埔湿地

中图分类号 Q958 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2016)16-0012-04

Abstrac:This paper selected different kinds of waterfowl and seven kinds of climate elements which closely related to waterfowl climatic factors in January 1979—2009,used the method of gray relational analysis. The results show that:on the whole,waterfowl have strong relevance to climate elements. The resident birds have strong adaptability to the climate compared to migratory birds in this area;Over time,the waterfowl weakened for the adaptation of natural climatic factors year by year,human factors have become dominant for the change of the number and species of waterfowl. In addition,from the different correlation of the different types of waterfowl and climatic factors,the different types of waterfowl have some differences for climate adaptation,the living habits characteristics of waterfowl determine the different ability on climate adaptation,for example,Pelecaniformes specializes flight,the number of the most relevant for minimum visibility,are good at swimming for the precipitation associated minimum.

Key words:Waterbirds;Wetland;Climate;Response;Mai Po wetlands

1 引言

生态环境不仅是人类赖以生存发展的基础条件,也是整个生物群体赖以生存和延续的必要条件。水鸟作为环境的指示剂,能灵敏地反映出生态环境的变化,同时生态环境的优劣也直接影响看鸟类的种类和数量[1-3]。近年来,由于气候变化的异常,水鸟数量逐年减少,许多学者开始针对水鸟栖息地的生态环境质量展开了研究[4]。气象要素条件对于鸟类生存起着至关重要的作用,降水量对所有的鸟类直接相关,温度也是影响鸟类变化的重要因素,最大温度与涉禽类呈负相关[5-6]。随着……

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