少数民族传统节日文化的生产性保护研究

摘 要：文化是属人的，在本质上是实践的，即具有生产性。因此，少数民族传统文化传承需要走生产性保护之路。侗族萨玛节作为少数民族传统节日文化内容，必然地把它理解为在人的一定“生产”中而发生的.同样，保护也要把它理解为在“生产”中实现的。在当代，其生产性保护就是要研究萨玛节有否转变为“产业项目”的资源特性。文化习俗实现为市场开发，其“生产化”就在于其文化内容可以成为异族人们进行差异性体验、认识的范畴并构成旅游消费产品，以致必须把“保护”融入产业性发展作为其实现传承的基本选择，并纳入高层次生产的国际化分工体系来把握其生产的条件和特性，以“特殊”实现“普遍”构造价值的运作机制和形成生产之路。

关键词：少数民族传统节日文化；“生产性保护”；侗族萨玛节

中图分类号：G03文献标志码：A 文章编号：1671-1254（2016）06-0104-05

Abstract：Culture belongs to human beings， which is attributively practical and productive. Therefore， the traditional culture of ethnic minorities needs to take the path of “productive protection”. As one of the important contents of traditional festivals， Dong Sama festival should be interpreted in the way that its occurrence is related to the “production” of people. Similarly， the protection of Dong Sama festival is also realized by the “production” of people. At present， the “productive protection” is to study whether the Sama festival has a “resourceful characteristic of industrial project”. Cultural customs are practiced for market development， and its “production” lies in its cultural content， understanding of the differences in category and composition of tourist consumer products. “Protection” should be integrated into the industry development as the basic choice of inheritance， and into the high level production of international division of labor system to grasp the production conditions and characteristics， to achieve the “special” mechanism of the “universal” structure and the formation of the value of production of the road.

Keywords：ethnic minorities traditional festival culture； “productive protection”； Dong Sama festival

侗族萨玛节是侗族的祭祖节，主要流传于今天贵州省的榕江县、黎平县、从江县三县境内的侗族地区，其中以榕江县车江侗族的萨玛节具有典型性。“萨玛”指称是侗语译音，“萨玛”中的“萨”即祖母，而“玛”之意为大，所谓“萨玛”即“大祖母”之意（萨玛侗族又称萨岁），她是侗族（尤其南部方言地区）共同祖先的神灵化身。侗族认为祖先“萨玛”神威无比，至高无上，其能赋予人们力量来战胜敌人、自然、灾害并促使村寨安乐、五谷丰登、人畜兴旺，因而奉为侗族的社稷神，虔诚崇拜。同时，“萨玛”又是传说中的侗族古代女英雄，在古代侗族社会治理和对外御敌等方面有重要贡献并形成地位。……