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摘 要 研究海南槟榔提取物的急性毒性及保健饮料的开发。一次性灌胃给予小鼠最大容积和最大混悬浓度的槟榔提取物,观察小鼠急性毒性反应,评价槟榔提取物的安全性;正交设计法优化得出槟榔提取物、白砂糖和柠檬酸的最佳配方;用不同用量的阿拉伯胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸钠作为稳定剂,评价最佳稳定剂。14 d内,小鼠外观、精神、行为无异常,槟榔提取物最大给药量为5.0 g/kg;槟榔饮料的最佳配方为槟榔提取物添加量0.2%,柠檬酸添加量0.05%,白砂糖添加量10%,槟榔饮料的最佳稳定剂为0.2%的阿拉伯胶。槟榔提取物安全性高,槟榔保健饮料具有槟榔的淡香味,适合大众口味。
关键词 槟榔 ;急性毒性 ;保健饮料
中图分类号 S59 文献标志码 A Doi:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2016.11.020
Abstract To study acute toxicity and preparation of functional health beverage of betel nut extract cultivated in Hainan Island; Betel nut extract was given to mice in the maximum volume and concentration, the response of mice was observed within 14 days to evaluate safety of betel nut extract. Orthogonal experimental design was employed to optimize the preparation of betel nut extract, white granulated sugar and citric acid and then the best stabilizer was figured out among different dose of arabic gum, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alga acid. Mice did not show abnormal response to betel nut extract in appearance, consciousness, and behavior within 14 days, the maximum dose of betel nut extract was 5.0 g/kg. Optimized preparation of functional health beverage of betel nut extract was 0.2% betel nut extract, 0.05% citric acid and 10% white granulated sugar. 0.2% arabic gum was the best stabilizer. Betel nut extract is safe and functional health beverage of it posses light smell of betel nut and is suitable to be consumed among population.
Keywords Betel nut ; Acute toxicity ; Functional health beverage
槟榔是四大南药之首,在海南广泛种植,槟榔提取物富含多酚,能清除氧自由基,长期应用可以减少肠道脂肪的吸收,是中医常用的驱虫、消积药物。因其食用和药用价值,槟榔已得到广泛的应用。研究发现,长期咀嚼槟榔可以导致口腔黏膜下纤维性变、免疫抑制以及神经、生殖毒性等,限制了槟榔的使用[1];槟榔保健饮料前期已有报道,主要以槟榔鲜果或槟榔花为主要原料制备[2-3]。本研究采用乙醇浸泡、过滤,获得槟榔提取物,评价其急性毒性,并以安全性较高的槟榔提取物为主要原料,开发槟榔保健饮料,拓宽槟榔的使用范围。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.1.1 试验材料
健康雄性昆明种小鼠40只,体重18~22 g,由广东省医学实验动物中心提供,合格证号:SCXK(粤)2013-0002。……