李翠红
摘 要 社会性规制是为实现健康、安全、环境及教育、文化、福利等目标,通过解决公共性物品、非价值性物品、外部经济及信息偏在等问题,本质以增进社会福利为目标的管理方式。然而,社会性规制也面临着丰富理论、制度体系建设、技术创新、非正常竞争市场、信息不对称等挑战,同时,随着政治一体化、经济全球化进程深入,全球呈现社会性规制的国际化趋势,即在关系世界人民切身利益的某个领域,各国建立社会共识,接受统一的社会性规制约束。目前,关于社会性规制的理论、现状和政策的系统性论述研究并不多,而社会性规制国际化趋势的研究更是罕见,本文意在初探社會性规制国际化的相关可能。
关键词 社会性规制 社会性规制国际化 规制
中图分类号:F203 文献标识码:A DOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdkz.2017.01.073
The Research of Internationalization of Social Regulation
LI Cuihong
(Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206)
Abstract In order to achieve health, safety, environment and education, culture, welfare and other targets, social regulation enhances social welfare by solving the public goods, the value of goods, external economy, and the problem of partial information for the purpose of management style. Social regulation, however, is facing with abundant theory, system, technology innovation system construction, improper competition challenges such as market, information asymmetry, at the same time, with the political integration, economic globalization, the global is showing a trend of the internationalization of social regulation, namely the relationship of one area of the world people's immediate interests, national building a social consensus, accept unified social regulation constraints. At present, the present situation and policy of the systemic research is little, the trend of internationalization and social regulation research is rare, this paper is aiming to study the related social regulation international.
Keywords social regulation; international social regulation; regulation
理论界研究社会性规制的起步较晚,最早可溯及1867年美国对食品、药品等方面的工厂安全的规制。①社会性规制的系统性研究不以特定产业为研究对象,而是政府对公众对生活质量的不断追求而实行的跨产业、全方位、综合性的规制。
1 社会性规制的基本理论
社会性规制,也称“社会管制”,对应于经济性规制。与经济性规制不同,日本经济学家植草益指出“社会性规制是以确保国民生命安全、防止灾害、防止公害和保护环境为目的的规制。”②包括对安全性、健康、环境、文化教育等方面的规制。社会性规制的最终目标是保持人们的健康,提高人们的寿命和水平。……