高中英语阅读理解之我见

庄重

高中英语在高考总成绩中占据150分的分值，很多高中同学都误认为只要基础知识掌握牢固就万事OK了，其实，高中英语的解题更需要一定的技巧，掌握高效的解题技巧能够事半功倍，轻松应对高考英语难题。其中阅读理解在高考英语中的比重更是不容小觑。今天我着重和大家谈一下我平时对高考阅读理解中细节理解题的理解。

细节理解题具体有可以分为以下几个类型。

1.直接信息题——题干定位法

典题印证（2016课标I，A片段）

Rosa Parks（1913-2005）

On December 1，1995，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，” said Parks.

23.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.？

A.Jane Addams. B.Rachel Carson.

C.Sandra Day OConnor D.Rosa Parks.

解析：首先根據题干中的“civil-rights”可将答案锁定在“Rosa Parks”一栏中；根据本段中 “…kicked off the civil-rights movement” 可知，Rosa Park推动了民权运动，故D正确。

[名师点津]此类题目适合寻读法，带着问题找句子，即先看问题，记住关键词，如人物、时间、事件、地点等，然后带着问题阅读文章，快速定位有效信息，有的放矢。

2.间接信息题——断章取义法

典题印证（2016课标II，C片段）

Members leave books on park benches and buses，in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.

People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.

11.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it？

A.Meet other readers to discuss it.B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.

C.Pass it on to another reader. D.Mail it back to its owner.

解析：根据文章提到的“....the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home”让书蒙上尘土是一种很自私的行为，网站BookCrossing.com的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去。故C项正确。

3.排序题——首尾排除法

这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。做此类试题时可采用“首尾排除法法”，即找出事件发展的首与尾，即找出最早和最晚的时间点或事件，使用排除法迅速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确选项。或直接逐一用排除法按顺序排除，得出正确选项。

典题印证（2014四川，C片段）

Izzy's mother，Debbie，immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father，so decided to use CPR.

However，she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough，so she stamped on her father's chest instead.

Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions（按压）until the ambulance arrived.

Izzy，who has been given a bravery award by her school，said："I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands.I was quite scared.

40.What's the right order of the events？

①Izzy kicked Colm.

②Debbie called 999.

③Izzy learned CPR.

④Colm's heart stopped.

A.3124 B.4231 C.3421 D.4312

解析：根据文章的叙述，女孩以前就学会了CPR，在父亲的心脏停止跳动之后，她的母亲先拨打了999，女孩发现自己的手臂力气不够用，才用踩她父亲胸部的方式。故答案选C。

4.数字计算题——查读分析法

此类试题在文章中直接表现出事实细节，有的要经过具体的计算才能得出正确答案。具体可以是对年代、月份、费用等计算。此类题目宜才用“查读分析法”；先阅读题干，然后对文中相关的数字、时间、年代等作出标记，按照一定的规律分门别类的列出需要相关数字，然后进行简单的计算。

典题印证（2016浙江·B片段）

Below are search record from a university librarys database

Quick Search l Category l Full Text l Advanced

48.How many books published in 2015 are found in this search？

A.9. B.90. C.118. D.290.

解析：D 细节理解题。根据侧边栏的Year Published下的2015（90），可知有90本书是2015年出版的。故选B。

总之，学生英语阅读能力的提高是一个长期的、逐渐的过程，只有课上充分利用好教材，不断地扩大词汇量，注重阅读方法和技巧，课后进行大量的阅读，学生就一定会攻克阅读的难关，享受阅读理解给英语学习带来的乐趣。