尹崇清?朱林勋?简培峰



[摘要] 目的 分析慢性肾脏病患者血压变异性与肾功能损伤的关系。 方法 选取2011年7月~2015年12月收治的CKD患者255例,按照CKD分期(1~5期)将所有患者分成5组。运用携带式动态血压检测仪来监测记录患者24h的动态血压值,并对数据进行统计学分析。 结果 随着肾脏功能水平的逐渐下降,患者的24h平均收缩压、白昼平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压和夜间平均舒张压逐渐升高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而24h平均舒张压、白昼平均舒张压的差异无统计学意义。在收缩压变异性参数上,CKD 4、5期患者明显高于CKD 1~3期患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但未发现舒张压变异性参数的差异有统计学意义。 结论 CKD患者肾脏功能水平的下降与24h、白昼和夜间平均血压的增高、血压变异性增加以及非杓型血压比例增加等因素密切相关。
[关键词] 慢性肾脏病;血压变异;动态血压检测;非杓型血压
[中图分类号] R692 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-0616(2017)05-187-04
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the relationship between blood pressure variability and renal injury of patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods 255 cases of patients with CKD cured in our hospital from July 2011 to December 2015 were selected and divided into five groups according to the CKD staging (1 ~ 5). Portable ambulatory blood pressure detector was used to detect and record the ambulatory blood pressure values of 24h. And the data were statistically analyzed. Results With the gradual decline of renal function, the mean systolic pressure, mean systolic pressure, nocturnal mean systolic blood pressure (24h) and nocturnal diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of patients were gradually increased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in mean diastolic pressure and mean diastolic blood pressure between 24h. In systolic blood pressure variability parameters, patients of CKD 4 and CKD 5 were significantly higher than those of patients with CKD from 1 to 3, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure variability parameters. Conclusion The level of kidney function decline in patients with CKD and 24h, daytime and nighttime average blood pressure, blood pressure variability increase and increase the proportion of non dipper blood pressure and other factors are closely related.
[Key words] Chronic kidney disease; Blood pressure variability; Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; Non-dipper
近年來,慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)的发病率逐渐增加,成为了威胁人类身体健康的重要疾病之一。2012,张路霞等[1]曾在Lancet杂志上发表首个关于我国慢性肾脏病的横断面调查,调查结果显示我国CKD的总患病率高达10.8%,预计全国约有1.195亿的CKD患者。亦有研究表明超过60%的成人CKD患者合并有高血压,高血压会导致CKD患者加速向终末期肾脏疾病发展,同时也是CKD患者并发心血管疾病甚至死亡的重要危险因子[2]。
血压变异(blood pressure variability,BPV)表示在一定时间内血压波动的程度,其产生机制至今仍未完全明确[3]。血压变异性一般会采用在特定时间段测量得到的血压值的标准差或者变异系数来表示。目前已有国内外研究表明BPV与机体靶器官损伤的发生及其损伤程度紧密相关。本研究旨在通过24h监测观察CKD患者的动态血压变化情况来探讨CKD患者血压变异性与其肾脏功能损害之间的关系。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2011年7月~2015年12月期间在我院肾脏科治疗的CKD患者255例,男152例,女103例;……