右美托咪定喷鼻在静脉麻醉神经外科手术中的效果

2017-06-01 11:24:22於兆颖
中国医药导报 2017年10期

於兆颖

[摘要] 目的 探討应用右美托咪定喷鼻的可行性,以及右美托咪定复合靶控静脉全麻用于神经外科手术中稳定血流动力学、神经保护方面的安全性和有效性。 方法 将2015年6~12月广州新海医院50例择期靶控静脉全身麻醉行神经外科手术患者,按照随机数字表法分为右美托咪定喷鼻组(A组)和对照组(B组),每组25例。A组患者诱导前鼻腔内喷注右美托咪定1.5 μg/kg,B组诱导前鼻腔内不予喷注右美托咪定。观察并记录两组患者诱导前5 min(T0)、诱导前即刻(T1)、诱导喷鼻后即刻(T2)、气管插管后即刻(T3)、手术开始切皮即刻(T4)、颅骨钻孔即刻(T5)、缝合硬脑膜即刻(T6)、术毕拔管即刻(T7)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、脑电双频指数(BIS)及神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)浓度,T0~T7时刻OAA/S镇静评级,术后1 h(T8)、3 h(T9)、6 h(T10)、12 h(T11)VAS评分,患者不良反应情况。 结果 与B组比较,A组MAP、HR、NSE浓度变化较小,两组总体比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),而RR、SpO2、BIS的变化,两组间差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。A组在T2、T3、T5时OAA/S镇静评级高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。A组T8~T11时点VAS评分均低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。A组术后不良反应明显较B组减少,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论 右美托咪定喷鼻在复合靶控静脉全麻的神经外科手术中操作安全、简单方便,围麻醉期效果显著、平稳。

[关键词] 镇静;血流动力学;右美托咪定喷鼻;靶控静脉全麻;神经外科

[中图分类号] R614.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)04(a)-0087-05

[Abstract] Objective To discusse the feasibility of application of Dexmedetomidine nasal spray, and the safety and efficacy of Dexmedetomidine combined with target controlled intravenous general anesthesia in stabilization of hemodynamics and neuroprotection in neurosurgery operation. Methods 50 cases of patients underwent neurosurgery operation with elective target point intravenous general anesthesia in Guangzhou Xinhai Hospital from June to December 2015 were selected, and divided into two groups according to the random number table method: Dexmedetomidine group (group A) and control group (group B), each gorup had 25 cases. Patients in group A were given Dexmedetomidine nasal spray 1.5 μg/kg before induction, and patients in gorup B were not given Dexmedetomidine nasal spray before induction. The MAP, HR, RR, SpO2, BIS, NSE and postoperatiove OAA/S calm grade at 5 min before induction (T0), immediately before the induction (T1), immediately after nasal spray (T2), immediately after intubation (T3), immediately began to cut skin in operation (T4), immediately drilling skull (T5), immediately sutured dura (T6), immediately tracheal extubation (T7) were observed and recorded. The VAS scores at 1 h (T8), 3 h (T9), 6 h (T10), 12 h (T11) after operation, and the adverse drug reactions were observed. Results Compared with group B, MAP, HR, NSE concentration change slightly in group A, the differences were statistically significant (P ﹤ 0.05); and there were no significant differences in changes of RR, SpO2, BIS between the two groups (P > 0.05). In T2, T3, T5, the OAA/S calm grades in group A were higher than those in gorup B, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). In T8-T11, VAS scores in gorup A were lower than gorup B, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The adverse drug reaction in gorup A was lower than group B, with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine nasal spray used in neurosurgery operation with composite target point intravenous general anesthesia has the advantages of operational safety, simple and convenient, which has significant effect during perianesthesia.

[Key words] Calm; Hemodynamics; Dexmedetomidine nasal spray; Target point intravenous general anesthesia; Neurosurgery

大脑中枢是生命和意识得以维持的重要器官,在外科手术和全身麻醉药物的双重打击下,可能造成脑功能的严重紊乱,甚至危及生命安全[1]。神经外科麻醉多经静脉及吸入用药,尤以麻醉诱导及苏醒期对脑血流、脑代谢及颅内压影响波动较大。传统麻醉多在术中实行控制性降压,但此种方法不可避免阻碍了机体的内源性反馈调节,围术期增加了脑缺血、缺氧等并发症的风险,降低了麻醉、手术及术后康复期的安全系数。……

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