张梅燕
[摘 要] 金融危机之后,发达国家相继提出振兴本国制造业的再工业化战略,我国也提出了以智能制造为主攻方向的“中国制造2025”战略。以德、美、日为代表的制造业发达国家,根据本国国情,采取了一系列新举措来应对再工业化的制造业人才挑战。学习借鉴德、美、日等发达国家的新举措,我国应开发培育潜在人力资源,扩大制造业从业人员数量;以世界水平为目标提高制造业人才培养水平;构建多元化经费筹资体系,增加对职业教育投入;开发相互沟通衔接的资格认证制度,实现制造业人才的高效利用;完善人才评价、激励和流动机制,形成良好的人才发展环境,以培养“中国制造2025”急需的制造业人才队伍,加快推动我国制造业智能转型。
[关键词] 再工业化;人才挑战;德美日;新举措;启示
[中图分类号] C961 [文献标识码] A
Abstract: After the financial crisis, developed countries successively proposed reindustrialization strategies for promoting the manufacturing industries. China also puts forward with a strategy, "Manufactured in China 2025 ", focusing on intelligent manufacturing. Developed countries representing by Germany, the US and Japan have taken a set of new measures in responding to the requirement of manufacturing talent for reindustrialization according to the situation of their own countries. Learning from the measures, China should build a talent pool for enlarging the number of practitioners, aim at international level in cultivating manufacturing talents, build a diversified expenditure financing system and invest more in vocational education. It should also develop a certification system facilitating the efficient utilization of manufacturing talents, and improve talent evaluation, incentive and flow systems in an effort to build a friendly environment for talent growth. By doing so, the talent team required by the strategy of "Manufactured in China 2025 " could be built for accelerating the intelligent transformation of China's manufacturing industry.
Key words: reindustrialization, talent challenge, Germany-US-Japan, new measure, inspiration
金融危機后,世界各国再次聚焦工业,纷纷出台以先进制造业为核心的“再工业化”国家战略,中国政府也于2015年5月发布了“中国制造2025战略”,明确提出了以智能制造为主攻方向的制造业发展战略。随着各国“再工业化”进程的加速,制造业全球人才短缺的问题变得更加突出,制造人才匮乏已成为制约各国再工业化的主要障碍。据麦肯锡全球研究院(Mc Kinsey Global Institute)研究显示,预计到2020年,全球企业将面临大约1300万的技能人才岗位空缺以及4000万的技术人才缺口。解决制造业人才短缺问题,对推动制造业再工业化具有重要意义。以德、美、日为代表的制造业发达国家,不仅在过去积累了丰富的制造业人才发展经验,在新一轮再工业化中,亦采取了灵活多样的适合本国国情的制造业人才发展新举措。……