荆门市生态足迹与生态承载力动态分析

张治会　李全新

摘要：运用生态足迹模型动态评估湖北省荆门市2006-2014年生态环境压力。结果表明，荆门市人均生态承载力持续上升，城镇和农村居民人均生物资源生态足迹趋同，人均生态足迹、人均生态赤字先上升后下降，于2012年达到峰值，荆门市的发展在生态上处于强不可持续状态。提出应以资源为定位器，以市场为导航，实现三次产业融合，加强科技支撑，发展循环经济，转变发展方式、消费方式和生活方式等减少赤字的对策，以引领长江经济带健康发展。

关键词：生态足迹；生态承载力；可持续发展；荆门市

中图分类号：F127；X22 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）11-2041-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.11.010

Abstract： The ecological bearing capacity of Jingmen city in Hubei province from 2006 to 2014 was dynamically analyzed using the ecological footprint model. The results showed that per capita ecological bearing capacity increased continually， rural and urban residents per capita ecological footprint of biological resources and per capita ecological carrying capacity was converged， the per capita ecological footprint and per capita ecological deficit increased at first， then decreased， and the peak appeared in 2012. During 2006 to 2014， the development of Jingmen city was in the strong unsustainable ecological state. According to resource endowment and current situation of Jingmen， the following counter measures were put forward. Jingmen should keep resource as the locator and change the development mode earnestly to realize industry convergence， continue to develop the circular economy vigorously to realize green development， strengthen the support of science and technology and enhance the bearing capacity to realize innovative development， and change the mode of consumption and life style to reduce the deficit， in order to lead the Yangtze river economic belt to develop healthily.

Key words： ecological footprint； ecological capacity； sustainable development； Jingmen city

自然資本管理是可持续发展的核心，有效的管理依赖于对自然资本的准确度量[1]。生态足迹（Ecological footprint，EF）模型作为一种衡量自然资本定量评价工具，吸引众多中国学者运用加拿大生态经济学家Rees[2]提出的生态足迹理论评价可持续发展程度，分别从生态安全、适度人口规模、生态脆弱性以及可持续发展能力等方面测度不同时空尺度区域生态足迹和生态承载力，并进行客观评价分析，主要包括以下3个特征，研究尺度主要集中在省级行政区域，地市、县级尺度的成果较少；研究区域主要集中在东中部平原地区，西部山区特别是平原和山区接合带研究成果较少；以静态分析为主，动态分析成果较少。湖北省荆门市在地理位置上处于中国“心脏”，为长江经济带之“腰”，在“中部崛起”战略中作为国家承接产业转移示范区，自然资源得天独厚，其发展在长江中上游地区极具代表性。……