旱田改水田对黑土pH、电导率及酶活性的影响

迟旭雯　杜春梅　周红娟

摘要：为了探明黑土旱田改为水田后土壤酶活性的变化，通过5点采样法取样，对旱田和水田土壤的酸碱度、电导率及土壤过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶、脲酶、转化酶和纤维素酶活性进行了测定。结果表明，旱田改为水田后，土壤pH和电导率显著上升，脲酶和转化酶的活性明显提高，脱氢酶活性显著降低，但对过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶影响不大。相关性分析结果表明，土壤理化性质的改变能影响土壤酶的活性，同时土壤酶之间可以相互作用，共同影响着土壤的生物化学过程。

关键词：旱田；水田；pH；电导率；酶活性

中图分类号：S344.1+7；S153；S154.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）11-2045-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.11.011

Abstract： To explore the change of soil enzymes in black soil after turning dryland into paddy field， the samples were adopted by five points sampling method. Soil pH， electrical conductivity and soil enzymes such as catalase， dehydrogenase， urease， intertase and cellulose were measured in dryland and paddy field. The results showed that the soil pH and electrical conductivity increased significantly after changing dryland into paddy field. The activities of urease and intertase were increased obviously， the activity of dehydrogenase decreased significantly， but the activity of catalase and cellulase had no changes. The results of correlation analysis illustrated that the changes of soil physical and chemical properties could influence the activity of the soil enzyme. Meanwhile the soil enzymes could interact each other and influence soil biochemical process.

Key words： dry land； paddy field； pH； electrical conductivity； enzyme activities

黑土是黑龙江省主要的耕地土壤类型[1]，具有土质肥沃、质地疏松、有机质丰富等特征，非常适合植物生长。土壤酶参与土壤的一切生化反应过程，在土壤的物质和能量转化过程中起重要的催化作用，土壤酶活性的高低能反映土壤生物活性和土壤生化反应强度，因而土壤酶活性常被作为土壤肥力高低、生态环境质量优劣的重要指标[2，3]。但是由于长期自然因素和人为因素的双重影响，致使农田黑土质量日益下降[4]。调整农业种植结构，将旱田改为水田的种植方式已经成为增产增收的选择之一，旱田改水田后势必引起土壤酶活性发生变化。目前关于黑土酶活力方面的研究报道很多，但是关于黑土旱田改水田后土壤理化性质及酶活力变化的研究较少，本研究以此入手进行研究，以期为黑土的可持续利用提供理论依据。……