明溪县闽楠群落分布特征研究

邱生龙

摘要 [目的]促进闽楠种质资源地保护与利用。[方法]对明溪县6个闽楠分布点进行群落学调查，包括环境因子和群落结构。[结果]闽楠分布点的土壤有黄壤、红壤2种，pH在5.0左右，土壤含水率较高，为25%～35%，群落郁闭度为7～9，盖度为90%～95%。闽楠群落物种组成复杂，通常由闽楠+杜英属植物+细柄阿丁枫等植物构成，闽楠占据群落主体，重要值约70%，杜英属植物约15%，细柄阿丁枫约5%，其余植物通常不超过5%。[结论]结合闽楠研究现状，认为闽楠人工林营造切实可行，但营造技术较复杂，应在造林地选择、造林密度、人工抚育等方面做出科学合理的规划。

关键词 闽楠；群落；人工林；经营

Forest Characteristic of Phoebe bournei in Mingxi County

QIU Sheng-long （Mingxi Forestry Corporation，Sanming，Fujian 365200）

Abstract [Objective]To promote the prevention and development of Phoebe bournei.[Method]The community survey on 6 Phoebe bournei community were conducted，including environmental factors and community structure.[Result]The results showed that soil type was yellow soil or red soil，pH value at 5.0，water content was about 25%～35%，crown cover rate was 7～9，coverage was 90%～95%.The composition was made of complicated structure which commonly construct of Phoebe bournei+ Elaeocarpus genus + Altingia gracilipes etc and P.bournei took the majority part of the community in a important value with about 70%，15% for Elaeocarpus genus species，5% for Altingia gracilipes，others dont over 5%.[Conclusion]Combining the current study of Phoebe bournei，the paper support manual cultivation of Phoebe bournei forest was reasonable but need more hard word.Before the afforest，many factors including forest site，density，management，et al，should be scientific and reasonable taken into account.

Key words Phobe bournei；Community；Plantation；Cultivation

闽楠（Phoebe bournei），别名楠木、金丝楠，属樟科（Lauraceae）楠属常绿大乔木，分布于江西、福建、浙江南部、广东、广西北部和东北部、湖南、湖北和贵州东部，呈零星分布或帶状分布[1-2]。因其在特殊环境下木理结构常常产生金丝，深受喜爱，导致闽楠资源被大量采伐或偷盗，现有闽楠资源已十分稀少[3]。闽楠现已被国际自然资源保护联盟（IUCN）红皮书列为LR/nt（低危/接近受危）中国二级保护植物，被中国物种红色名录列为易危级别[4]。

由于天然闽楠资源紧缺，开展相关研究对于保护闽楠资源具有重要意义[5]。目前关于闽楠的研究仍比较传统，刘宝等[6]对明溪连厝闽楠自然保护小区闽楠群落竞争、物种结构进行了相关研究，认为闽楠种群中闽楠占支配地位。吴大荣等[7]对种子发芽率的测定发现，人工条件下闽楠种子发芽率可达90%以上。范辉华等[8]通过研究闽楠光合特征发现，3年生闽楠对光的利用范围较广，属耐阴植物但又能忍受一定光强。……