多粘性芽孢杆菌对甜瓜生长及品质的影响

刘德兴+亓鑫+孙中涛+巩彪+魏珉+艾希珍+史庆华

摘要：本试验研究了以多粘性芽孢杆菌为菌种研制的生物菌肥对甜瓜生长及果实品质的影响。结果表明：相较于无机肥、有机肥对照，添加多粘性芽孢杆菌处理的甜瓜果实纵横径均增加，单果重分别提高了14.26%、9.81%，单株茎叶鲜重分别提高了27.72%、16.08%，果实可溶性糖、VC含量有所提高；果实可溶性固形物含量变化不明显，可滴定酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量、硝酸盐含量较无机肥对照显著降低。综合来看，多粘性芽孢杆菌生物菌肥处理在提高甜瓜单果重的同时有助于提高果实品质。

关键词：多粘性芽孢杆菌；甜瓜；生长；品质

中图分类号：S652.01 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2017）07-0091-05

Abstract The effects of bio-organic fertilizer using Paenibacillus polymaxa as strain on the growth and fruit quality of melon were studied. The results showed that compared with the inorganic and organic fertilizers， under the treatment of bio-organic fertilizer， the transverse diameter and vertical diameter of the melon and the contents of fruit soluble sugar and vitamin C increased， the single fruit weight increased by 14.26% and 9.81%， the stem and leaf fresh weight per plant increased by 27.72% and 16.08%， the content of soluble solid had no obvious change， the contents of titratable acid， soluble protein and nitrate significantly decreased. To sum up， applying the bio-organic fertilizer could increase the single fruit weight， and was contributing to improve the fruit quality.

Keywords Paenibacillus polymaxa； Melon； Growth； Quality

设施蔬菜生产因其具有高度集约化、高复种指数、高经济效益、受季节影响小等特点在我国种植面积迅速扩大。但同时，种植模式单一、盲目施用化肥及因施用不合格化肥及未经腐熟有机肥等引起土壤板结、次生盐渍化、土传病害加重等土壤退化现象日趋严重，导致蔬菜减产甚至绝产，并对生态环境产生不利影响，不利于我国蔬菜产品生产安全及蔬菜产业可持续发展[1，2]。

近年来研究表明，在土壤中添加一定量的有益微生物，能改善土壤理化性状，促进作物生长，增强作物抗性，进而缓解蔬菜连作障碍且安全环保[3]。本试验以甜瓜为试材，采用盆栽方式研究了有机肥中添加多粘性芽孢杆菌（Paenibacillus polymaxa）对甜瓜生长和品质的影响，以期为多粘性芽孢杆菌生物菌肥的开发及设施甜瓜生产的可持续发展提供技术支撑。……