固定化氨氮降解菌处理氨氮废水的试验研究*

乔丽丽 李 璐,2 贾 琰 尹 莉 刘 峰 王玉慧,2 乔瑞平

(1.博天环境集团股份有限公司研发中心，北京 100082；2.博天环境工程(北京)有限公司，北京 100082； 3.贵州省环境监测中心站，贵州 贵阳 550081)

固定化氨氮降解菌处理氨氮废水的试验研究*

乔丽丽1李 璐1,2贾 琰3尹 莉1刘 峰1王玉慧1,2乔瑞平1

(1.博天环境集团股份有限公司研发中心，北京 100082；2.博天环境工程(北京)有限公司，北京 100082； 3.贵州省环境监测中心站，贵州 贵阳 550081)

考察了海藻酸钠(SA)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)含量对固定化载体性能的影响，并筛选了最优条件制备固定化氨氮降解菌，研究其对氨氮废水的处理效果。当PVA和SA质量分数分别为8.00%、1.00%时，制成的固定化载体抗压性能最好，能够形成丰富的多孔结构。固定化氨氮降解菌在处理氨氮废水前驯化168h，可以恢复较高活性。在固定化氨氮降解菌投加量2%(质量分数)、反应温度30 ℃、pH8.01、溶解氧3.0mg/L的条件下反应60h，氨氮废水中的氨氮质量浓度从最初的3 835.29mg/L降为82.35mg/L，去除率为97.85%。固定化氨氮降解菌在投加量低于氨氮降解菌的情况下，仍然能实现与之相近的氨氮废水处理效果，证明固定化氨氮降解菌能高效处理高浓度氨氮废水。

固定化 包埋 氨氮废水 微观结构 氨氮降解菌

Abstract: The effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) content on immobilization carrier were studied,and the treatment efficiency of ammonia nitrogen wastewater by immobilized ammonia nitrogen degradation bacteria prepared under the optimal condition were researched. The compressive performance of immobilized carrier was the best with rich vesicular structure,which were made under the condition that mass fractions of PVA and SA were 8.00% and 1.00%,respectively. After 168 h of domestication process,the activity of immobilized ammonia nitrogen degradation bacteria could recover itself. When immobilized ammonia nitrogen degradation bacteria dose was 2% (mass ratio),temperature was 30 ℃,pH was 8.01 and dissolved oxygen was 3.0 mg/L,the ammonia nitrogen concentration dropped to 82.35 mg/L from 3 835.29 mg/L after 60 h reaction by immobilized ammonia nitrogen degradation bacteria,and 97.85% of ammonia nitrogen were removed. Compared with ammonia nitrogen degradation bacteria,when their treatment efficiency were nearly equal,the dosage of immobilized ammonia nitrogen degradation bacteria would be less. It showed that immobilized ammonia nitrogen degradation bacteria was effecient for the treatment of high concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater.

Keywords: immobilization; embedding; ammonia nitrogen wastewater; microstructure; ammonia nitrogen degradation bacteria

氨氮废水(尤其是高浓度氨氮废水)的治理是环境科学与工程领域的研究热点和难点[1-2]。近年来，随着工农业、畜牧业的快速发展，氨氮废水排放量不断增大，已成为重点治理的有害废水之一[3-5]。

采用固定化微生物技术处理氨氮废水不但保留了传统生物法经济、高效的特点，还具有耐毒害、适用范围广等独特优点，且能够提高系统对高浓度氨氮废水的缓冲作用[6]。……