低温高湿环境下低浓度烟尘测试方法研究*

祁志福 寿春晖 邹正伟 邬东立 陈 彪 刘春红

(1.浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司，浙江 杭州 310003；2.浙江大学能源清洁利用国家重点实验室，浙江 杭州 310027)

低温高湿环境下低浓度烟尘测试方法研究*

祁志福1，2寿春晖1邹正伟1邬东立1陈 彪1刘春红1

(1.浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司，浙江 杭州 310003；2.浙江大学能源清洁利用国家重点实验室，浙江 杭州 310027)

燃煤电厂是颗粒物重要的排放源之一。“超低排放”后，部分工况下烟气处于低温高湿条件，对烟尘测试工作带来挑战，尤其是低浓度时。选择某典型低温高湿的测试环境，比对研究了《固定污染源排气中颗粒物测定与气态污染物采样方法》(GB/T16157—1996)和《固定污染源的排放 在低浓度时颗粒物质(粉尘)的质量浓度的测定 手工重量分析法》(ISO12141：2002)两种烟尘测试方法，并依据国际标准化组织的“测量不确定度描述指南”(简称GUM)测量不确定度，评估了不同方法的测量不确定度。结果表明：低温高湿环境下，ISO12141：2002测试数据的准确度、精密度均好于GB/T16157—1996，同时ISO12141：2002测量不确定度明显低于GB/T16157—1996；采用高等级天平、增加烟气采样体积和烟尘采样测试数量，可有效降低烟尘排放值测量不确定度。

烟尘排放值 超低排放 低温高湿 测量不确定度评估

Abstract: Coal-fired power plant was one of the important sources of particulate matter. After ultra-low emission reform，part condition of flue gas was low temperature and high humidity sometimes，which bringing challenges to the test of particulate matter concentration，especially when low concentration. In this paper，a comparative study of Chinese national standard “Determination of particulates and sampling methods of gaseous pollutants emitted from exhaust gas of stationary source” (GB/T 16157-1996) and International Standardization Organization (ISO) standard “Stationary source emissions - determination of mass concentration of particulate matter (dust) at low concentrations - manual gravimetric method” (ISO 12141：2002) was carried out in a typical test environment of low temperature and high humidity. The measurement uncertainty of the results of two methods was evaluated according to the “Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement” (GUM) published by ISO. It showed that the accuracy and precision of the data acquired by ISO 12141：2002 were much better than that by GB/T 16157-1996. Meantime，measurement uncertainty of result acquired by ISO 12141：2002 was less than that by GB/T 16157-1996. The measurement uncertainty of particulate matter emission concentration could be effectively reduced by using the high grade balance，increasing the volume of flue gas sampling and the quantity of particulate matter sampling.

Keywords: particulate matter emission concentration； ultra-low emission； low temperature and high humidity； measurement uncertainty evaluation

中国是煤炭消耗大国，电力行业占据煤炭消耗主要份额。2013年，中国消耗原煤总量42.44亿t，其中发电消耗原煤19.52亿t，约占46%[1]。长期以来，燃煤电厂被视为大气中颗粒物重要的排放源之一。随着中国经济社会的快速发展，能源消耗量持续走高。近年来，大气环境问题日趋严峻，严重的雾霾天气频发。……