基于最高系统效率实现率的抽油机井系统效率水平的评价方法

刁海胜 庄号 罗玲燕 谢敏 陈伟 师玉

摘要： 以波动方程为基础建立抽油杆柱的纵向振动模型，并考虑抽油机的机械特性与抽油泵充满程度的影响建立了抽油系统系统效率的仿真模型；在抽油系统系统效率仿真模型的基础上综合考虑设备承载能力、油井产能协调、产液量等约束条件，以系统效率最高为目标函数，建立抽油系统的优化模型，提出抽油系统最高系统效率的计算方法。将抽油机井系统的现场实测数据与抽油系统仿真数据进行对比验证了文中所提仿真模型的精度；通过实测系统效率与最高系统效率的对比提出了最高系统效率实现率，并以此指标评价油井系统效率的提高潜力。

Abstract： The longitudinal vibration model of sucker rod string was established based on wave equation. And considering the influence of mechanical characteristics of pumping unit and the fullness degree of oil pump， the simulation model of system efficiency of pumping system was built. Based on the system efficiency simulation model of pumping system， taking into account the constraints of equipment carrying capacity， oil well productivity coordination and liquid production， the optimization model of pumping system is established based on the objective function of the highest efficiency of the system. Then the calculation method of the maximum system efficiency of the pumping system is proposed. The accuracy of the simulation model proposed in this paper was verified by comparing the field measured data of the pumping well system with the simulation data of the pumping system. Maximum system efficiency realization rate was presented by the comparison between the measured system efficiency and the maximum system efficiency， and the improving potential of the oil well system is evaluated by this rate.

關键词： 抽油机井；系统效率极值；实现率；系统效率水平；评价方法

Key words： pumping well；maximum system efficiency；realization rate；system efficiency level；evaluation method

中图分类号：TE355.5 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-4311（2018）10-0237-03

0 引言

抽油机井采油是我国油田最主要的人工举升方式。抽油机井数量多、能耗大，能耗费用已经成为影响抽油机井运行费用的主要因素。降低抽油机井能耗对于降低油田采油成本、提高油田开发效益具有重要的实际意义。目前，广泛应用系统效率评价抽油机井能耗水平与节能潜力[1]。由于抽油机井系统效率不仅与油井运行参数及运行状态有关，而且与油藏参数、抽油设备技术水平也有关[2]。因此，对于不同油田，由于油藏参数差别较大，用系统效率绝对水平的高低来评价系统效率水平是不科学的。即使相同油田区块，由于不同油井之间的油井产能、井眼结构也存在较大差别，系统效率的绝对水平也无法科学评价该井的节能潜力。……