中国耕地抛荒研究进展与展望

程宪波 杨子生

摘要：耕地是人類赖以生存和发展的基础，也是中国农业及社会可持续发展的基础。从耕地抛荒的概念界定、监测、测度、原因、分布、影响及治理方法等方面进行归纳和分析，旨在分析耕地抛荒现状，找出耕地抛荒原因，发现中国耕地抛荒的时空分布规律，揭示耕地抛荒的影响，并提出治理耕地抛荒的方法与展望。结果表明，耕地抛荒概念的界定、抛荒的主要原因及治理的方法等研究观点存在分歧，尤其是治理方法出现“一边倒”的消除或遏制抛荒的研究结果；中国耕地抛荒的监测和测度与发达国家遥感监测的技术具有较大差距；中国发生耕地抛荒主要高峰时期为2002、2005、2008年前后，耕地抛荒空间分布差异大；目前中国研究耕地抛荒的影响主要是对生态环境和粮食生产的影响；中国耕地抛荒治理主要有落实农业政策、调整农村产业结构、推进土地流转和改善农业生产条件等方法。

关键词：耕地抛荒；研究进展；治理

中图分类号：F301.21 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）07-0011-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.07.002

Progress and Prospect on Farmland Abandonment in China

CHENG Xian-bo，YANG Zi-sheng

（Institute of Land & Sustainable Development，Yunnan University of Finance and Economics，Kunming 650211，China）

Abstract： Cultivated land is the basic resources for the survival of human race， and the base for the sustainable development of our agriculture and society as well. By means of analysis and summary about the definition of abandoned arable land concepts， monitoring， measurement， causes， distribution， influence and control methods， land abandonment situation was analyzed and found out the causes. It also discovered the temporal and spatial distribution of abandoned arable land in our country， the influence of land abandonment， and puts forward the methods and prospect of treatment of abandoned arable land. The following results were obtained after research：the first one is that there are different view about the definition of abandoned arable land concepts， the main reason and method of land management，especially the "one-sided" treatment method，that eliminate or restrain the results. Secondly，monitoring and measure in our country still has a big distance compared with monitoring by remote sensing in developed countries. Thirdly， there is a difference on the spatial distribution of abandoned arable land， abandoned arable land got into its peak in 2002，2005 and 2008. Fourthly，the impact of China's current research on abandoned arable land，mainly by the way the influence of the ecological environment and food production. Finally， implement agricultural policies，adjust the structure of production in rural areas， promote land circulation and improve agricultural production conditions are the main treatment methods about abandoned arable land in China.

Key words： abandoned arable land； research progress； government

耕地是人类赖以生存和发展的基础与保障[1]。中国仅用占世界约7%的土地资源承载着多于全球1/5的人数，土地资源稀有，尤其是耕地资源匮乏，欲保障国家粮食安全，必须坚持耕地保护策略，并努力提高耕地质量与利用效率[2]。然而，中国耕地抛荒现象屡见不鲜，《人民日报》2012年3月29日曾引述国土资源部的调查称“我国每年抛荒的耕地近200万hm2”[3]，抛荒是对耕地粗放极度不利用的行为，抛荒原因及范围涉及面广，解决难度大，治理周期长，因此遏制这一现象的研究迫在眉睫。……