优秀短距离场地自行车运动员赛前减量训练安排研究

2018-06-21 11:31:42李秀红高亚辉杨静陈笑然
山东体育学院学报 2018年1期

李秀红 高亚辉 杨静 陈笑然

摘 要:运用文献资料法、测试法、观察法及访谈法,对我国优秀短距离场地自行车运动员赛前的训练安排进行研究,运用训练学相关理论对其训练计划、训练负荷和身体机能状况进行分析,对场地自行车项目赛前减量进行探讨,总结场地自行车运动员赛前训练特征,探讨其临赛前训练调控的手段。研究结果表明,宋超睿、鲍姗菊备战2016年全国锦标赛赛前减量期为15天,赛前减量模式为快指数型;临赛前减量阶段总训练量和日训练量均大幅度下降,而日负荷强度总体表现为波浪式上升的趋势;减量训练安排合理,运动员身体机能各相关指标均好于减量训练前,在临赛前形成了良好的竞技状态。

关键词:场地自行车;赛前训练;赛前减量;训练安排;身体机能

中图分类号:G872.3 文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-2076(2018)01-0105-05

Abstract:By using the methods of literature review, test, observation and interview, an analysis was made on the tapering training arrangement of two Chinese short-distance track cycling athletes. According to the theory of sports training, their training plans, training loads, and physical conditions are well elaborated; the track cycling taper is researched. Besides, this paper also summarizes the pre-competition characteristics of track cycling athletes and the pre-competition training methods. The result shows that the taper time of Song Chaorui and Bao Shanju for 2016 National Championships are 15 days, and their taper models belong to fast exponential type. Both total and daily training volume in taper stages before competition drops greatly, while the training intensity is generally wave-like increasing. Due to the reasonable arrangement of the taper phase, the related indexes of the athletes' physical function are in good condition before the taper training, and they have formed a good competitive state before the competition.

Key words:track cycling; pre-competition; taper; training arrangement; physical function

赛前训练安排的目的不仅要保证计划中的任务得以完成,更重要的是要保证在所备战的比赛中取得优异的成绩。场地自行车项目名次间成绩的差异极小,因此临赛前训练的合理调控作用极其重要。近年来随着国家自行车队系统工程的推进,我国女子场地自行车项目不断在世界大赛中取得优异成绩,在2016年的里约奥运会上,我国场地自行车项目取得历史性突破,获得女子团体竞速赛的金牌,实现了几代自行车人的奥运金牌梦。本研究对两名国内优秀女子短距离场地自行车运动员宋超睿、鲍姗菊备战2016年全国锦标赛的赛前减量训练安排进行跟踪与整理,并对其赛前训练计划、训练负荷、身体机能状况等进行详细解析,以期为我国短距离场地自行车运动员的赛前减量阶段安排提供参考。……

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