张伟
摘要:结合绥延高速公路长岭山1号隧道进口换拱顺利完成所得施工经验及过程中的跟踪探索,重点阐述特殊地质条件下,黄土隧道初支换拱的施工工艺及具体操作流程和主要注意事项,较好的解决了施工中的诸多难题,诠释了隧道施工以人为本、安全第一的原则,为黄土隧道换拱施工安全提供依据。
Abstract: Combined with the construction experience obtained from the successful completion of the arch replacement in No. 1 tunnel of Changlingshan of Sui-Yan Expressway and the follow-up exploration in the process of the arch replacement, this paper focuses on the construction process and the specific operation flow and the main operation of the initial support arch replacement for the loess tunnel under special geological conditions. Many problems in the construction have been solved and the principles of people-oriented and safety first in tunnel construction are interpreted, which provided basis for the safety of the construction of the loess tunnel.
关键词:黄土隧道;超前支护;换拱;机械破碎;以人为本
Key words: loess tunnel;advanced support;arching;mechanical crushing;people-oriented
中图分类号:U455 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4311(2018)20-0141-03
1 工程概况及地质情况
绥延高速公路长岭山1号隧道位于陕西省榆林市清涧县石嘴驿镇糜山河村,属于黄土梁峁沟壑地貌,轴线斜穿黄土梁脊,与梁脊斜交角度约60-80度,沿隧道轴向山梁地形呈长方形,两侧低,中部高;隧道进出口段地形相对较陡,坡面遍布薄层残坡结土,黄土梁两侧冲沟发育,沟谷呈树枝型展开。隧址区发育的特殊性岩土为上更新统马兰黄土具II级自重湿陷性,最大埋深为152m,均为Ⅴ级围岩。隧址区钻探深度发现地下水,结合地层岩性、地形地貌与地质构造条件分析判断,隧址区地下水相对富水,地下水对隧道有一定影响。经计算,隧道设计涌水量左为907m3/d、右线为961m3/d。
2 初支侵限情况描述
长岭山1号隧道右线进口YK38+824~YK38+833段设计围岩主要为中更新统离石黄土,呈硬塑状,土质均匀,结构致密;采用环形开挖预留核心土法进行施工,在拱部90度范围内采用长4m、壁厚4.5mm的Ф50小导管进行超前支护;纵向每3m施作一环;初期支护施作I22a全环型钢拱架,纵向间距0.6m,拱墙设置长3.5m的砂浆锚管,边墙环向设置长4m的砂浆锚杆;……