惠州市惠城区学龄前儿童龋齿患病情况及影响因素研究

黄文敏　李丹萍　邓晓娟

【摘要】 目的：總结学龄前儿童龋齿患病情况与相关影响因素。方法：收集惠州市惠城区2015-2017年2家幼儿园3～6岁学龄前儿童500例展开口腔健康调查，并收集监护人相关问卷调查结果。结果：本组受访者儿童龋齿发生率为35.00%（175/500），性别方面：男性患儿为34.77%，女性患儿为35.25%，比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；年龄方面：在各年龄段中，龋齿患病率依次为5～6岁（45.00%）>4～5岁（25.76%）>3～4岁（24.49%），两两比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；甜食频率：经常吃甜食（≥1次/d）患病率明显高于偶尔吃（间隔≥3次/d）患病率，比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；刷牙方面：刷牙≥2次/d者患病率明显低于≤1次/d者，比较差有统计学意义（P<0.05）；定期牙检：定期牙齿检查儿童患病率明显低于未定期检查者，比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：学龄前儿童龋齿患病率与多种因素呈正相关，包括年龄、饮食习惯、刷牙行为、定期牙齿检查等，针对此应加强对儿童方面的卫生管理，降低龋齿发生率。

【关键词】 学龄前儿童； 龋齿患病； 情况分析； 影响因素

A Study on the Prevalence of Dental Caries and Its Influencing Factors in Preschool Children in Huicheng District of Huizhou/HUANG Wenmin，LI Danping，DENG Xiaojuan.//Medical Innovation of China，2018，15（16）：-136

【Abstract】 Objective：To summarize the prevalence of dental caries and the related factors in preschool children.Method：A total of 500 preschool children aged 3-6 years at two kindergartens in Huicheng District of Huizhou from 2015 to 2017 were collected for oral health survey，and the relevant questionnaire survey results of guardians were collected.Result：This group of respondents childrens dental caries incidence was 35.00%（175/500），gender：male gender was 34.77%，female children was 35.25%，the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）；age：in all ages，the prevalence of dental caries were 5-6 years old（45.00%）>4-5 years old（25.76%）>3-4 years old（24.49%），the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）；the frequency of sweets：often eat sweets （every day more than 1 time） higher prevalence （more than 3 times/d interval occasionally eat）prevalence rate，the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）；the brush：brush the teeth every day more than 2 times the prevalence rate was significantly lower than that of less than 1 times，the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）；the regular checkups：regular dental examination prevalence of children was lower than that of the non periodic inspection，the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.Conclusion：The prevalence of dental caries in preschool children is positively correlated with multiple factors，including age，eating habits，brushing behavior and regular dental examination. Therefore， we should strengthen the management of childrens health and reduce the incidence of dental caries.

【Key words】 Preschool children； Dental caries； Analysis of situation； Influencing factors

First-authors address：Shuikou Peoples Hospital，Huizhou 516001，China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2018.16.040

龋齿又有蛀牙、虫牙之称，属于细菌性疾病类型，若干预不得当或不及时可继发根尖周炎、牙髓炎、颌骨炎症、牙槽骨炎症等诸多疾病，影响儿童口腔功能发育、口腔美观。龋齿在临床发病率较高，具有分布广等特性，属于口腔科常见疾病，又以学龄前儿童为高发。就如何针对性预防龋齿发生是现阶段口腔卫生管理重点[1]。本次研究收集惠州市惠城区2015-2017年2家幼儿园3～6岁学龄前儿童500例展开口腔健康调查，总结学龄前儿童龋齿患病情况与相关影响因素，现总结如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 本次研究采取整体抽样方法，收集惠州市惠城区2015-2017年2家幼儿园3～6岁学龄前儿童500例展开口腔健康调查，检查项目参照WHO《龋齿的诊断标准与记录符号》[2]、全球健康联盟（AWH）、我国《根龋的流行病研究进展》等标准[3]。本组受检儿童中男256例，女244例，年龄3～6岁，平均（4.6±0.8）岁。本次研究内容获得本院伦理委会批准，患者及其家属知情同意。

1.2 诊断标准 依据横断面调查，整体抽样方案对500例学龄前儿童展开口腔龋齿常规检查，确诊标准为：患儿牙齿表面、齿沟处存在形、色、质均改变即可确诊，龋齿程度依据如下标准分3个阶段[4]。（1）……