陈云 傅文宁 鲁盈
摘要 目的:通過观察健脾益肾法辨证治疗慢性肾脏病(CKD)5期(非透析)患者的临床疗效及安全性,初步探索中医药对终末期肾衰竭的治疗优势。方法:选取2015年11月至2016年6月金华市人民医院门诊或住院收治的符合纳入标准的CKD5期非透析患者50例,随机分为观察组和对照组,其中观察组30例,对照组20例。观察组予西医基础治疗联合中医健脾益肾法辨证治疗,对照组仅西医基础治疗,疗程为个24周。观察治疗前后2组患者中医主要症状及积分变化、中医证候疗效;肾功能、血红蛋白、血白蛋白、血钾、HCO3-等指标的改变;以及对不良事件和终点事件的分析,进行疗效评价和安全性观察。结果:观察组中医症状积分显著降低,组内或组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中对畏寒肢冷、倦怠乏力、气短懒言、恶心呕吐等症状改善尤为明显;中医证候总有效率66.7%,对照组25%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较观察组血红蛋白、血白蛋白升高,营养不良-炎症评分(MIS)下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组治疗后血肌酐均有升高、eGFR下降(P<0.05),但组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组在高钾血症、严重代谢性酸中毒等不良反应以及进入透析的终点事件发生率均无统计学差异。结论:中医药治疗CKD5期(非透析)患者可明显改善临床症状和营养状态,从而有助于延缓进入透析期。对该期患者在医生严密观察下应用中药治疗是相对安全的。
关键词 慢性肾脏病;非透析;中医药;临床研究;肾功能
AbstractObjective:TopreliminarilyexploretheadvantagesoftraditionalChinesemedicinetreatmentonend-stagerenalfailure(ESRF)onnon-dialysisCKD5patients.Methods:Thesubjectswere50non-dialysisinpatientsandoutpatientsofCKD5fromTongdeHospitalofZhejiangProvince,andweredividedintotwogroupsincluding30casesofstudygroupand20casesofcontrolgroup.Duringthewholecourseof24weeks,thestudygroupwastreatedwithwesternmedicinecombinedwithtraditionalChinesemedicine,whilethecontrolgroupwereonlytreatedwithwesternmedicine.MainsymptomsoftraditionalChinesemedicineandscoreschangesaswellasTCMcurativeeffectswereobservedbeforeandafterthetreatment,andthechangeofrenalfunction,hemoglobin,serumalbumin,serumpotassium,HCO3-andotherindicatorswereobservedaswellastheadverseeventsandfinaleventswereanalyzed.Theefficacyandsafetyofthosetreatmentswereevaluatedbasedonabove.Results:TCMsymptomscoresofthestudygroupweresignificantlylowerthanthecontrolgroup(P<0.05),amongwhichthesymptomsofchillinessandcoldlimbs,tirednessandfatigue,shortnessofbreathandlessofwords,nauseaandvomitingwereimprovedobviously,andthetotalimprovementrateofChinesemedicinesymptomofthestudygroupwas66.7%,whilethecontrolgroupwas25%(P<0.05).Thehemoglobinandserumalbuminofthepatientsinthestudygroupwereincreasedafterthetreatment,andthemalnutritioninflammationscore(MIS)wasdecreased(P<0.05),whichweresignificantlybetterthanthecontrolgroup(P<0.05).TheserumcreatininelevelandeGFRinthetwogroupswerebothincreased(P<0.05),butthecomparisonbetweenthetwogroupshasnostatisticalsignificance(P<0.05).Andtherewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenthetwogroupsintheincidenceofadverseeventssuchashighpotassium,severemetabolicacidosis,andthefinaleventofdialysis.Conclusion:TraditionalChinesemedicineinthetreatmentofCKD5patients(non-dialysis)couldsignificantlyimprovetheclinicalsymptomsandnutritionalstatus,therebyhelptoslowdownthestepsofenteringthedialysisstage.ItisrelativelysafetopracticetraditionalChinesemedicineforthetreatmentofthisperiod.
KeyWordsChronickidneydisease;Non-dialysis;TraditionalChinesemedicine;Clinicalresearch;Renalfunction
中图分类号:R285.6文献标识码:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2018.06.008
慢性肾脏病(ChronicKidneyDisease,CKD)5期,即终末期肾衰竭阶段,容易出现各种尿毒症并发症,透析就像悬在患者头上的剑,随时面临着抉择。以往观点认为应尽早透析,故此期已无继续中医药治疗的必要,因此,中医药治疗CKD5期非透析患者的临床研究相当匮乏。随着近年来多项大型观察性研究表明[1-4]早透析并未使患者获益,甚至反而有更高的死亡风险,引发国内外肾脏病界对CKD5期患者透析时机选择的思考。……