学校教育对大学生心理韧性的影响研究

朱玉

摘  要：心理韧性作为一种应对压力资源，是个体调动自身资源应付困境的能力，它包含个人力和支持力两个方向。本研究针对心理韧性的内涵与外延、心理韧性的各个维度进行深入剖析，并通过文献资料的查阅，了解当代大学生心理韧性的影响因素与相关研究。然后，通过问卷测量结果了解当前大学生心理韧性水平的现状及在各维度的分布状态。使用访谈法等方法了解各学校的教育内容与教育方式，对学校的课程结构、师资力量、教学模式、管理方法、作息规律及校园环境等方面进行调查和分析，结合问卷的测量结果，将各种学校教育因素与心理韧性的各维度进行分析讨论。试图从宏观角度探索出影响大学生的心理韧性的学校因素，并从微观角度为提高大学生心理韧性提出合理的建议。

关键词：心理韧性;大学生;学校教育

中图分类号：G640         文献标志码：A         文章编号：2096-000X（2019）17-0171-03

Abstract： As a kind of coping pressure resource， the mental toughness is the ability of the individual to mobilize its own resources to cope with the plight， which includes two directions of human and supporting force. The purpose of this study is to make an in-depth analysis of the content of the mental toughness and the various dimensions of the extension and the mental toughness， and to find out the influence factors and the related research of the psychological toughness of the contemporary college students through the review of the literature. Then， the current situation of the current college students' mental toughness level and the distribution status of the current college students are obtained through the questionnaire survey.Using interviews and other methods to understand the educational contents and methods of each school， to investigate and analyze the school's curriculum structure， teachers' strength， teaching mode， management method， work and rest law and campus environment， etc. Combined with the results of the questionnaire， the factors of school education and the dimensions of psychological resilience were analyzed and discussed. This paper attempts to find out the school factors that affect the psychological toughness of college students from the macro point of view， and puts forward some reasonable suggestions for improving the psychological toughness of college students from the microcosmic point of view.

Keywords： psychological resilience; college students; school education

一、研究背景

近年來随着社会的快速发展，大学生正面临着越来越多的压力与挑战，校园案件也层出不穷。那么学校教育究竟该如何进行已经日益成为家庭、学校和社会共同关注的话题。在社会带来的多重挫折与压力下，可以发现当代大学生的心理健康状况正在逐渐恶化。但同时还有一个积极现象非常值得我们关注。就是在日趋复杂的大背景下，并不是所有的学生都出现了心理问题，相反有相当一部分学生在承受着前所未有的压力同时并没有受到过多的负面影响，他们不仅心理健康，而且综合实力更是出色。……