天津滨海盐渍土壤发展设施农业可行性分析

高贤彪 肖 辉

摘    要：天津市盐渍化土壤面积大，盐碱程度高，农作物产量低，经济效益差，普通耕作方式农民积极性不高，急需寻找高效的作物栽培模式，提高滨海盐碱土壤的利用效率。设施农业是集约化种植模式，高投入高产出，在盐碱地区发展设施农业，一方面可提高盐碱土壤利用效率，增加农民收入，同时还可以节约土地资源，不与粮食作物争地。本研究分析了天津盐渍化土壤面积、分布及特点、设施蔬菜生产过程中存在的问题以及在盐碱地上发展设施农业的可行性。结果表明，在滨海盐渍化土壤上发展设施农业在技术和经济方面都是可行的，并推荐了盐碱地设施蔬菜适宜的栽培模式。

关键词：盐渍土壤;设施农业;栽培模式;可行性分析

中图分类号： S156.4       文献标识码： A       DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2020.01.001

Feasibility Analysis on the Development of Facility Agriculture in Coastal Saline Soil in Tianjin

GAO Xianbiao1，2， XIAO Hui1

（1.Tianjin Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment， Tianjin 300384， China; 2.Tianjin Facility Vegetable Industry System -Vegetable Nutrition and Fertilization Post， Tianjin 300384， China）

Abstract： Because of the large area of salinized soil and the high degree of soil salinization in Tianjin， the yield of crops is low， the economic benefit is poor， and the enthusiasm of farmers is not high， so it is urgent to find an efficient crop cultivation mode to improve the utilization efficiency of coastal salinized soil. Facility agriculture is an intensive planting mode with high input and high output. To develop facility agriculture in salinized soil areas， on the one hand， it can improved the utilization efficiency of salinized soil ， increase the income of farmers， on the other hand， it save land resources and do not compete with grain crops for land. This paper analyzed the area， distribution and characteristics of the salinized soil in Tianjin， the problems existing in the production process of the protected vegetables， and the feasibility of developed the protected agriculture on the saline alkali soil. The results showed that the development of the protected agriculture on the coastal saline alkali soil was feasible in both technical and economic aspects， and recommended the suitable cultivation mode of the protected vegetables on the saline alkali soil.

Key words： salinized soil; facility agriculture; cultivation mode; feasibility analysis

天津瀕临渤海，受海水及地下咸水的影响，土壤盐碱化现象比较突出，全市总土地面积116.6万hm2（不包括滩涂），盐渍化土壤占42.3%[1]，土壤盐渍化导致作物产量低、经济效益差、植被覆盖率低、生态环境脆弱[2]。当前，盐碱地改良成本总体较高[3]且经济产出低，致使农民耕种积极性差，尤其重度及以上盐碱地土壤荒废现象比较普遍。因此，急需引进新的种植模式，在能承担土壤改良成本的基础上，又能取得良好的经济效益，提高土地利用率。设施农业是一种集约化种植模式，单位土地面积经济产出比较高，在盐碱地上发展设施农业，不但提高盐碱土壤利用率及经济产出，还能起到不占用生产条件较好的基本农田、保障粮食种植面积及粮食安全的作用。……