王小刚



摘 要:随着采矿理论的不断发展,岩石力学机理逐渐完善与成熟。在矿山开采中,一些地下巷道支护会产生较大的变形。当锚杆承受的负荷达到极限时,人们可以设置特殊连接装置,有效控制锚杆长度,在允许岩层轻度移动的情况下,使巷道达到新的平衡状态。本文阐述了恒阻大变形锚索支护机理和关键技术,旨在促进煤炭资源的安全可持续开采。
关键词:支护机理;厚煤层软岩;恒阻大变形锚索
Abstract: With the continuous development of mining theory, the mechanism of rock mechanics has gradually improved and matured. In mining, some underground tunnel support will produce large deformation. When the load on the anchor rod reaches the limit, people can set up special connecting devices to effectively control the length of the anchor rod and allow the tunnel to reach a new equilibrium state while allowing the rock layer to move slightly. This article describes the mechanism and key technologies of anchor resistance and large deformation anchor cable support, aiming to promote the safe and sustainable mining of coal resources.
Keywords: supporting mechanism;thick coal seam soft rock;constant resistance large deformation anchor cable
近年來,国内外矿山煤巷广泛采用锚杆支护。由于回采巷道的大变形和支护类别较多,因此锚杆形式不断发生变革,从单一的整体摩擦型、高刚度、高强度的锚杆向适用于煤矿回采巷围岩大变形的可伸缩锚杆发展。
随着矿山技术不断发展,开采力度不断加强,井下深度不断加大,巷道中的岩层受到不同力度冲击而产生较大变形[1]。当围岩出现大变形时,由于延伸率低,传统锚索难以满足现代矿山对支护围岩的要求。为适应岩层大变形,人们要提高锚索的延伸率和锚杆的负载范围,这是巷道围岩大变形支护的关键。而恒阻大变形锚杆(索)可以增加传统锚索的延伸率和锚杆承受能力,其已在地下巷道和硐室围岩支护等岩土工程中得到广泛的应用[2]。
1 恒阻大变形锚索支护机理
巷道开挖会破坏岩体的稳定性,原因有二。一是施工造成围岩松弛,对地质构造带来较大影响,降低了围岩的稳定性;二是应力重新调整,超过岩体的载荷量。……