张广海 张红



[摘 要]旅游业空间集聚是规模经济效应的前提和基础,规模经济效应反映了产业集聚的效率水平。鉴于我国旅游业空间集聚的现实情况,在通过赫芬达尔指数和区位熵指数衡量我国旅游业集聚水平及空间分布特征的前提下,利用2007—2016年31个省份的数据,借助空间杜宾模型对我国东部、中部、西部、东北部和西南部的旅游业规模经济效应进行测度。研究结果表明:1.东中西部和西南地区旅游业呈现规模经济效应,东北地区表现为规模报酬递减;2.空间集聚促进规模经济实现,但不是实现规模经济效应的充分条件;3.我国区域旅游业空间集聚的回波效应大于辐射扩散效应;4.政策因素在我国旅游业区域规模经济效应的实现过程中具有重要作用。
[关键词]规模经济效应; 空间集聚; 杜宾模型; 旅游业
[中图分类号]F592 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1671-8372(2020)02-0015-06
Abstract:The spatial agglomeration of tourism industry is the premise and foundation of the scale economy effect, which reflects the efficiency level of industrial agglomeration. In view of the reality of tourism industry agglomeration in our country, on the premise of measuring the concentration level and distribution characteristics of Chinas tourism industry through Herfindahl index and location entropy, this paper uses the data of 31 provinces from 2007 to 2016 to measure the economies of scale effect of tourism in the east, central, west, northeast and southwest of China with the help of the spatial Durbin model. The results show that: 1. the tourism industry in the eastern, central and western regions and the southwest regions shows economies of scale, while the northeast region shows diminishing returns to scale; 2. spatial agglomeration promotes the realization of scale economy, but it is not a sufficient condition to realize the effect of scale economy; 3. the echo effect of regional tourism agglomeration in China is greater than that of radiation diffusion; 4. the policy factor plays an important role in the realization of the regional economies of scale in Chinas tourism industry.
Key words:scale economies effect; spatial agglomeration; Durbin model; tourism industry
一、问题的提出
改革开放以来,我国旅游业已经发展为现代服务业的支柱产业,在国民经济中发挥着重要作用。整体上,我国旅游业规模不断扩大,同时空间集聚现象逐渐显现[1]。生产要素在地理空间上的集聚一方面促进了当地旅游业发展,另一方面通过扩散效应对周边地区产生正向或负向影响。无论是基于客观条件(资源禀赋、地理位置等),还是主观上对规模经济效应的追求,空间集聚已经成为我国区域旅游业发展的必然趋势。在此过程中,空间集聚与规模经济效应的关系是我国区域旅游业发展需要关注的问题。……