文学公共领域与主体性

关键词：《天路历程》;文学;公共领域;主体性

摘 要：《天路历程》是漫长的18世纪极具社会影响力的作品之一。作者约翰·班扬在这部宗教寓言中将基于个人主体性的信仰选择视为个人宗教身份及社会权威建构的驱动力，并在“救赎”“名利场”这两个命题中揭示了权力与权威个人主体化的过程。班扬认为，个人救赎是基于个人认知，自主选择的信仰之路，并在神意指引下，独自面对各种考验，直至灵性的成长;同时，个人救赎是在与他者，以及社会这类“名利场”的互动中得到验证，并以推动属灵社会的建构为目标。班扬的作品深受读者喜爱，并参与新兴资产阶级个人主义深度契合，对社会精神建构有着深远影响。《天路历程》在文本传播与社会影响这两个层面揭示了个人主体性之于文学公共领域建构的重要意义。

中图分类号：I106文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-2435（2020）02-0073-08

Literary Public Sphere and Subjectivity-Based on the Textual Analysis of The Pilgrims Progress

HU Zhen-ming（School of International Studies，University of International Business and Economics，Beijing 100029，China）

Key words：The Pilgrims Progress;literature;public sphere;subjectivity

Abstract：The Pilgrims Progress is one of the literary works with the greatest social influence in the long Eighteenth century. In this religious allegory，John Bunyan treats the religious choice on the basis of the personal subjectivity as the driving force for the construction of personal religious identity and social authority. He presents the process of forming personal subjectivity in two subjects，namely “Salvation”and “Vanity Fair”. Bunyan believes that personal salvation is personal cognition and the path of faith by subjective choice，facing all kinds of tests alone under the guidance of Gods will until spiritual growth. The personal salvation，is verified through the interaction between it and other and such “vanity fair” as the society to promote the construction of spiritual society. The Pilgrims Progress is widely popular among readers，which deeply identifies as the new bourgeoisie individualism and has a profound impact on spiritual construction. The Pilgrims Progress uncovers the the significance of subjectivity in literary public sphere from the perspectives of text transmission and social influence.

约翰·班扬（1628—1688）是“漫长的18世纪”1英国文学史上著名作家。他本是乡间一位从未受过正规教育的补锅匠（据说一生所读之书不超过五本），凭着时刻相伴的英文钦定本《圣经》成就了文学传奇。据后世学者考证，“班扬的作品是英语世界中阅读量最大的书籍之一，仅次于钦定本《圣经》与莎士比亚作品。”[1]2 他的代表作《天路历程》（1678）发行量仅居《圣经》之后，并被誉为“当前英国文学中最热销的非通俗作品之一”。[2]37 这位自学成才的清教徒作家将基督教的高深教义用朴实无华的语言、生活化的场景、栩栩如生的描述呈现于同时代与后世读者面前。……