清代地方经济立法探析

2020-08-03 02:02:33刘正刚
安徽师范大学学报 2020年2期

刘正刚

关键词:清代;《河南省例》;地方法;户例

摘 要:同治《河南省例》是迄今为止新发现的河南省地方法规文献,其内容涉及时间段为雍正至同治年间,不仅对研究清代河南社会变迁有重要价值,而且对研究清代地方法与国家法关系也是极重要的第一手文献。该省例“户例”占全书页数近42%,显示地方立法以社会经济为主,其中有关房地产市场、黄河河滩开发等法规,突出了清代河南社会经济发展的地方特色。这些条例因应社会变化而不断调整。

中图分类号:K05文献标志码:A文章编号:1001-2435(2020)02-0081-09

An Analysis of Local Economic Legislation in the Qing Dynasty—A Case Study of the Case of Henan Province

LIU Zheng-gang(Institute of Ancient Books,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China)

Key words:Qing dynasty;The Case of Henan Province;local laws;the household cases

Abstract:The Case of Henan Province is a newly discovered document of local laws and regulations of Henan province. Its contents cover the period from Yongzheng to Tongzhi,which is not only of great value to the study of social changes in Henan in the Qing dynasty,but also a very important first-hand document to study the relationship between local laws and national laws in the Qing dynasty. The “household cases” in this province account for nearly 42% of the total pages of the book,showing that the local legislation is dominated by social economy,including laws and regulations related to the real estate market and the development of the Yellow River bank,highlighting the local characteristics of Henans social and economic development in the Qing dynasty. These regulations have been constantly adjusted to social changes.

筆者因主持国家社科基金重大项目“明清孤本法律典籍整理与研究”,在海内外各大公私藏图书馆查阅与课题相关资料,据王志强提及上海图书馆藏《豫省成例》(清抄本,一册)的信息,[1]33-34前往上海图书馆检索该书目录。结果显示却为《豫省城例》(清抄本,一册,线普533506),现已复制,而非《豫省成例》。这本书既无封面,也无书名题签,只是书内第一页有“省例目录”四字。目录分八类:驿马、征收、雨雪、灾赈、盐硝、普济堂、杂税和杂例.时间从乾隆十六年至五十八年。因所收内容均为河南地方性章程和河南官员奏折,尤以后者居多,笔者将之命名为乾隆《河南省例》。[2]法律史专家苏亦工也曾提及该书,但并未亲眼过目。[3]75有学者认为,除乾隆《河南省例》外,再无其他版本《河南省例》发现。[4]然而,笔者在复旦大学图书馆检索《广东省例》时却发现了封面题签《河南省例汇钞》,目录页则标为《河南省例》的文献。……

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