全面二孩政策下福州地区护士生育意愿及影响因素分析

戴丽群 胡荣 林蓉金 蔡品云 郑玉柳 童瑞燕 陈燕钦

[摘要] 目的 探討福州地区护士的二孩生育意愿现状及其影响因素。 方法 于 2018年1～12月选取5所福州二级以上公立医院的554名已生育一胎的护理人员，利用《护士二孩生育意愿调查问卷》对福州地区护士二孩生育意愿及其影响因素进行横断面调查。 结果 554名护士的二孩意愿生育率为39.0%，想生育第二个孩子的主要原因是“一个孩子太孤单”、“想儿女双全”;不想生育第二个孩子原因主要有“经济压力大”、“无人照料孩子”、“带孩子太累”。护士的学历、现有子女情况为影响护士二孩生育意愿的主要因素（P<0.05）。 结论 福州地区综合医院护士二孩生育意愿较低，护士生育二孩的意愿受多方面因素的综合影响，究其原因主要是考虑时间和精力的不足以及经济负担。

[关键词] 全面二孩;福州;护士;生育意愿;影响因素

[中图分类号] C924.21;R17          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2020）16-0140-04

Analysis on childbirth intention and influencing factors of nurses in Fuzhou area under comprehensive two-child policy

DAI Liqun1   HU Rong2   LIN Rongjin3   CAI Pinyun1   ZHENG Yuliu1   TONG Ruiyan1   CHEN Yanqin1

1.Department of Orthopedics， the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University， Fuzhou   350000， China; 2.Fujian Medical University， Fuzhou   350000， China; 3.Department of Nursing，the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University， Fuzhou   350000， China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of the intention of having a second child among nurses in Fuzhou Area. Methods From January to December 2018， 554 members of nursing staff who had given birth to one child and were working in 5 Fuzhou public hospitals rated tier II or higher were selected. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the nurses' childbirth intention and influencing factors in Fuzhou Area by using the Questionnaire for Nurses' Intention of Having a Second Child. Results The rate of the childbirth intention of a second child among 554 nurses was 39.0%. The main reason for wanting a second child was that "one child is too lonely" and "they want both a son and a daughter"; the main reasons for not wanting a second child were "economic pressure"，"unattended children"， "hardness to raise a child". The educational background of the nurses and the fact that they had children were the main factors influencing the nurses' intention of a second child（P<0.05）. Conclusion The rate of childbirth intention of a second child among nurses working in general hospitals in Fuzhou Area is low，and their intention of having a second child is influenced by a combination of factors. The main reason is to consider the lack of time and energy，as well as economic burdens.

[Key words] Comprehensive two-child policy; Fuzhou; Nurses; Childbirth intention; Influencing factors

为积极应对老龄化，促进我国人口均衡发展，2015年10月中共十八届五中全会正式通过了“全面实施一对夫妇可生育两个孩子政策”[1]，标志着我国的生育政策从此进入了新的历史阶段，同时也再次引起了全社会对生育与计划生育政策的广泛关注与讨论。近年来，虽然护理人员总人数有了明显提高，但仍存在护理人员短缺、工作压力过大和离职率居高不下等问题，影响着我国护理事业的健康发展[2]。“全面二孩”政策给护理人力资源管理带来了更大挑战，分析医院护理人力的现况，探索应采取的措施，成为目前业内关注的焦点。

生育意愿是人们对于生育孩子数量、时间和性别的想法，在一定程度上影响了人们的实际生育行为[3]。……