脑卒中后中度吞咽障碍康复训练及饮食护理干预效果观察

朱丽娟

【摘要】 目的：探究脑卒中后中度吞咽障碍患者康复训练及饮食护理干预的应用效果。方法：抽选60例2019年1-11月在本院治疗的脑卒中后中度吞咽障碍患者为研究对象，随机分为对照和研究组，30例对照组患者实施基础护理，30例研究组患者在此基础护理上加强康复训练及饮食护理，分组对比两组患者护理前后吞咽功能以及生活质量。结果：研究组患者护理后吞咽功能评分高于对照组，研究组患者护理后SF-36评分与对照组相比较高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：脑卒中后中度吞咽障碍患者治疗时在基础护理中增加康复训练及饮食护理能帮助患者养成良好饮食习惯，恢复了患者吞咽功能，提升了患者生活生存质量，提高了护理满意度，可供临床参考借鉴。

【关键词】 脑卒中 中度吞咽障碍 康复训练 饮食护理 基础护理 生活质量

doi：10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.18.047 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1674-6805（2020）18-0-03

Effect of Rehabilitation Training and Diet Nursing Intervention for Moderate Dysphagia after Stroke/ZHU Lijuan.//Chinese and Foreign Medical Research， 2020， 18（18）： -113

[Abstract] Objective： To explore the effect of rehabilitation training and diet nursing intervention in patients with moderate dysphagia after stroke. Method： A total of 60 patients with moderate dysphagia after stroke treated in our hospital from January to November 2019 were selected as the study subjects， which were randomly divided into control group and study group， 30 patients in control group to carry out basic nursing， 30 patients in the study group to strengthen rehabilitation training and diet nursing in this basic nursing， and compared before and after nursing swallowing function and quality of life. Result： The score of swallowing function after nursing in the study group was higher than that in the control group， the SF-36 score was higher than that of the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion： The increase of rehabilitation training and dietary nursing in the treatment of patients with moderate dysphagia after stroke can help patients develop good eating habits， restore the swallowing function of patients， improve the quality of life of patients， and improve the satisfaction of nursing care， which can be used for clinical reference.

[Key words] Stroke Moderate dysphagia Rehabilitation training Dietary care Basic care Quality of life

First-authors address： Huizhou Central Peoples Hospital， Huizhou 516000， China

吞咽功能障礙是脑卒中患者并发症中较为常见的一种[1]，因不能进食，如未能及时进行缓解和处理会发展至多种严重情况，如贫血、低蛋白血症、电解质紊乱、脱水，甚至误吸导致窒息死亡等。随着相关治疗研究的不断开展，康复训练及饮食护理也在不断完善，取得了良好效果[2]。为此，笔者所在医院在常规护理基础上增加康复训练及饮食护理，并围绕治疗效果展开研究如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

本院收治的60例脑卒中后中度吞咽障碍患者，收治时间2019年1-11月，经系统抽样随机分成对照与研究组，每组30例。纳入标准：均为首次脑卒中发病后吞咽障碍;意识清醒能够正常与护理人员进行沟通交流;患者均存在构音、吞咽障碍以及呛咳等症状。排除标准：严重意识障碍;严重心肺肝肾功能不全;行开颅手术或大面积颅脑梗死和颅内出血未吸收者;一般资料不完整;其他原因导致无法正常配合完成研究。……