基于大学生主体性建构的教学实践策略研究

邵娜 刘伟忠

摘  要：大学生的主体性建构是高等教育的重要目标，也是发挥大学生能动性、培养创新型人才的必然要求。基于大學生主体性建构的教学实践探索要遵循大学生主体性建构的客观规律，运用主体间性理论揭示教学活动中教师与大学生的互动过程，以及教学活动中存在的主体性问题，并从课程体系安排、教学过程组织与评价体系设计三个方面建构相应的教学实践框架。针对教学实践中存在的作业导向的研究性教学、教学过程的引导性不足等具体问题，基于大学生主体性建构的客观规律与教学实践框架提供了具体改进路径，为促进大学生主体性建构的教学实践提供解题思路与实践策略。

关键词：大学生;主体性;高等教育;创新能力

中图分类号：G642         文献标志码：A         文章编号：2096-000X（2020）05-0001-05

Abstract： The subjective construction of college students is an important goal of higher education， and it is also an inevitable requirement for the students to take the initiative and cultivate students' innovative talents. The exploration of teaching practice based on the construction of subjectivity of college students should follow the objective law of the construction of subjectivity of college students. The intersubjectivity theory is used to reveal the interaction process between teachers and college students in teaching activities， as well as the subjective problems in teaching activities， and construct the corresponding teaching practice framework from three aspects， including curriculum system arrangement， teaching process organization and evaluation system design. Aiming at the specific problems of the homework-oriented research-based teaching and the lack of guiding in the teaching process， the paper provides the specific improvement path based on the objective law of the subjective construction of college students and the corresponding teaching practice framework， and provides problem-solving ideas and practical strategies to promotes the teaching of the subjective construction of college students.

Keywords： college students; subjectivity; higher education; innovative ability

中共中央、国务院发布《中国教育现代化2035》，明确提出培养一流人才、提升创新能力的战略目标，创新能力与创新型人才的培养一直都是教育的核心目标和主要任务，而学生创新能力的建构则是建立在学生主体性的基础之上。在教学实践中，学生主体性建构的程度决定学生学习的自觉性、能动性和产出的创新性。事实上，虽然以增强大学生研究能力和创新能力为目标的研究性教学改革正在推进，但在教学实践中仍然存在以教师的知识传授为中心[1]、专业培养方案与研究性教学不匹配[2]，被动学习[3]等具体问题，缺乏对大学生思维模式与实践能力的有效训练，在一定程度上制约了创新型人才的培养。……