主动式居家养老服务模式研究与实践

郑鹏远　王少亭　汪桂琴　董献文　李立国　王琰　程智　王润

【摘  要】随着我国老龄化“基数巨大，未富先老，老而有病”的现状，“9073”养老与“4-2-1”家庭格局下，90%的居家老人医疗、养老服务及主动健康的需求逐渐加大，随着我国互联网以及智能化产品的普及，如何将居家养老模式与互联网技术与智能设备有机融合，整合社会资源补充医疗康复护理资源，满足居家老年人多元化的养老需求，变 “有亲情无保障” 传统居家养老，为“有亲情有保障”的“主动式居家养老”， 本文结合相关文献研究、专家访谈、调查问卷、统计分析及郑州大学第五附属医院直属社区试点实践等方法，尝试构建了包括终端用户系统、服务系统、风险防控系统、基础数据库系统、监督与评价系统等“互联网+”“主动式居家养老”服务模型，从社会反响、老年及家庭满意度、机构服务载体等各方面结果看，“主动式居家养老”是目前亟须探讨并解决的一大问题;郑州大学五附院“主动式居家养老”的原创模式是符合时代潮流与老人需要的模式，有效应对“9073”养老格局下90%居家老人的养老困境，是一个值得借鉴与推广的模式。

【关键词】主动式居家养老;互联网+;智慧化设备;主动健康

【中图分类号】R197      【文献标识码】A      【文章编号】1672-3783（2020）06-0271-03

【Abstract】As China's aging population "has a huge base， it grows old before it gets rich， and it grows old and sick"，Under the "9073" old-age support and "4-2-1" family structure，90% of the elderly at home need medical care， pension services and active health，and demand gradually increased;With the popularization of Internet and intelligent products in China，How to Integrate Home Care Mode with Internet Technology and Intelligent Devices、Integration of social resources、Supplementary medical rehabilitation and nursing resources are insufficient，Meet the diversified needs of the elderly at home，Change the traditional "family-friendly and insecure" home-based care into "active home-based care" with "family-friendly and secure"，In this paper， combined with relevant literature research、Expert interviews、 questionnaires、 statistical analysis、And the community directly under the fifth affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou university，An attempt was made to build a system include end users、Service system、 risk prevention and control system、basic database system、supervision and evaluation system and other "internet +" and "Active home-based pension" service models;From the results of social repercussions、elderly and family satisfaction、institutional service carriers and other aspects，" Active home-based pension " is a big problem that needs to be discussed and solved urgently at present;The original model of "Active home-based pension " in the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University is in line with the trend of the times and the needs of the elderly， Can effectively deal with the "9073" pension pattern of 90% of the elderly at home pension difficulties，It is a model worthy of reference and promotion.

【Key words】Active home-based pension;Internet +;Intelligent equipment;Active health

《2019年政府工作報告》提到，中国60岁及以上人口达到2.5亿人，且75%老年人伴随着高龄衰弱与慢病并存，失能半失能老年人逾4000万，老年群体呈现“基数巨大，未富先老，老而有病”的现状; 独居和空巢老年人将增加……