《四库全书》贮藏保护谫论

2021-01-03 11:55:08王婷
新世纪图书馆 2021年11期

王婷

摘 要 有“典籍总汇,文化渊薮”之称的《四库全书》,在整理和保存先秦至清中叶的文献典籍、传承中华传统文化方面有着重要的价值。自《四库全书》成书始,其命运与国运相连,遍历抽改禁毁、水火虫霉、兵燹战乱、怠职谋利等厄难,七阁藏书已去其三。其余阁书能保存至今,与科学合理的贮藏保护措施密切相关。

关键词 《四库全书》贮藏建筑保护  《四库全书》贮藏装具保护  《四库全书》贮藏日常防护  《四库全书》贮藏修正保护

分类号 G253.6

DOI 10.16810/j.cnki.1672-514X.2021.11.012

Abstract Siku Quanshu, which is known as “Books Confluence, Cultural Origin”, is of great value in organizing and preserving the literature and classics from the pre-Qin to the middle of the Qing Dynasty, and inheriting the excellent traditional culture of China. Since the completion of Siku Quanshu, its destiny has been linked to the fate of the kingdom,it has gone through the dilemma of banning and destroying, water immersion, fire disaster, silverfish bite, moldy mildew, war scourge, malfeasance and corruption, seven pavilions of Siku Quanshu have lost three of them. The remaining Siku Quanshu can be preserved to this day, which is closely related to scientific and reasonable storage protection measures.

Keywords Siku Quanshu storage building protection. Siku Quanshu storage equipment protection. Siku Quanshu storage daily protection. SikuQ Quanshu storage protection  amendment.

我國古人早已意识到温湿度、光线、尘埃等环境因素,鼠啮蠹蚀等生物因素,以及火烬水浸等灾害因素对书籍的破坏,也相应地采取了修建“明堂”“石室”“兰台”以庋藏,为书籍装裹“匣”“函”“套”“夹”以防尘,曝晾通风以防潮,施放药物以驱蠹等主观治法。这些措施对书籍所起到的藏护作用无疑是非常明显的,且历代形成的传统经验被《四库全书》贮藏保护所沿用,包括《四库全书》贮藏建筑保护、《四库全书》贮藏装具保护、《四库全书》贮藏日常防护以及《四库全书》贮藏修正保护。

1 《四库全书》贮藏建筑保护

《四库全书》从内部版式设计到外部装潢用料均体现出实用与美观并存的皇家气质,同时拥有浩如烟海的庞大体量。因此,乾隆皇帝对《四库全书》贮藏地点的甄选颇费心思:“凡事豫则立。书之成,虽尚需时日,而贮书之所,则不可不宿构。”[1]2721同时,乾隆皇帝对进献书籍尤多的浙江宁波府范懋柱家格外留心,“闻其家藏书处曰天一阁,纯用砖甃,不畏火烛,自前明相传至今,并无损坏,其法甚精。……

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