兼容型闸调器试验台测控系统设计

张昭英 张晓明 杜剑宇 孟艳红

摘 要：本文介绍了兼容型闸调器试验台的机械系统、气控系统、测控系统的组成及试验台的功能，重点阐述了试验台的测控系统设计。试验台可对拉伸型、压缩性闸调器进行性能试验和疲劳试验，解决了以往需要针对不同类型闸调器和试验内容配备对应试验台的情况，减小试验装置支出，提高经济效益和试验效率。性能試验上位机控制程序使用NI LabVIEW编写，通过NI OPC Serviers建立笔记本电脑与PLC的OPC通信;疲劳试验使用触摸屏作为HMI与PLC通信。经验证试验台满足不同类型闸调器的测试需求，试验项目能正确完成，测试数据精确，具有良好的应用效果。

关键词：仪器仪表技术;试验台;测控系统;闸调器;兼容

Abstract：Introduced the mechanical system，pneumatic control system，measurement and control system and the functions of the compatible brake slack adjusters test bed，with emphasis on the design of the measurement and control system of the test bed.The test bench can be used for performance test and fatigue test of tension type and compression type brake slack adjusters，which solves the problem that the corresponding test bench should be equipped for different types of brake slack adjusters and test contents in the past，reduces the expenditure of test device，and improves the economic benefit and test efficiency.The control program of upper computer in performance test was written by NI LabVIEW，and the OPC communication between notebook computer and PLC was established by NI OPC Servers;the touch screen was used as HMI to communicate with PLC in fatigue test.It has been verified that the test bench can match the test requirements of different types of gate regulators，the test project can be completed correctly，the test data is accurate，and has good application effect.

Keywords：instrument technology;test bed;measurement and control system;brake slack adjusters;compatible

双向闸瓦间隙自动调整器（以下简称“闸调器”）[1]是铁道货车基础制动装置的重要组成部分。在铁道货车制动过程中，若闸瓦和车轮之间的间隙过大，使车辆的制动力过小，制动距离过长，影响行车安全;反之若闸瓦和车轮之间的间隙过小，使车辆的制动力过大，轮对产生短时滑行造成踏面擦伤[2-3]。因此闸瓦间隙发生变化时闸调器应能自动伸长或缩短，并使制动缸活塞行程控制在规定的范围内，使车辆获得合适的制动力[4]。

闸调器试验根据闸调器的工作方式（拉伸式和压缩式）和试验内容（性能试验和循环试验）需要分别配备对应的试验台[5-6]。本文设计了兼容型闸调器试验台，可兼容上述试验台的所有功能，减小试验装置支出和占用的试验场地，提高经济效益和试验效率。……