张荣 黄晓茂







摘要:为研究制造商分销模式与平台捆绑策略的相互作用,建立由一个制造商与一个平台组成的供应链模型,使用Stackelberg博弈求出制造商和平臺的最优决策。结果表明:在批发模式下,平台应选部分混合捆绑销售;在代理模式下,当佣金率较低时平台应选纯捆绑销售,当佣金率较高时平台应选部分混合捆绑销售。随着佣金率的增加,制造商对分销模式的偏好依次为:无明显偏好、代理模式、批发模式。互补产品估值会影响佣金率阈值的大小。选择部分混合捆绑销售策略的渠道绩效优于选择其他两个捆绑策略的渠道绩效。若制造商对分销模式无明显偏好,为提高渠道总利润,平台应该与制造商分享一部分收益,激励制造商选择批发模式。
关键词: 平台捆绑策略; 分销模式; 博弈论; 渠道绩效; 供应链
中图分类号: F274 文献标志码: A
Abstract: In order to study the interaction between the manufacturer’s distribution mode and the platform bundling strategy, a supply chain model consisting of one manufacturer and one platform is established, and the optimal decision of the manufacturer and the platform is obtained through Stackelberg game.The result shows the following: under the wholesale mode, the platform should choose partially mixed bundling; under the agency mode, the platform should choose pure bundling when the commission rate is low, and the platform should choose partially mixed bundling when the commission rate is high.With the increase of the commission rate, the manufacturer’s preference for distribution modes shifts from no obvious preference to the agency mode and then to the wholesale mode.The valuation of complementary products can affect the size of the commission rate threshold.Channel performance under the partially mixed bundling strategy is better than those under the other two bundling strategies.If the manufacturer has no obvious preference for the distribution mode, in order to increase the total channel profit, the platform should share a part of the revenue with the manufacturer, so as to encourage the manufacturer to choose the wholesale mode.
Key words: platform bundling strategy; distribution mode; game theory; channel performance; supply chain
0 引 言
近年来,在线市场规模持续扩大。2019年,中国实物商品网上零售额为8.52万亿元,同比增长19.5%,占社会消费品零售总额的20.7%[1]。随着在线零售的普及,出现了一种新的分销模式——代理模式,即平台通过共享制造商一定比例的收入,允许制造商直接将产品销售给消费者。亚马逊、京东和Flipkart等平台为“批发+代理”的混合模式。2018年亚马逊销售的产品有一半以上是通过代理模式销售的,且亚马逊通过该模式获得的收入增长了两倍[2]。捆绑销售被平台广泛使用。制造商通过平台销售主产品,平台为了刺激市场需求,通过整合资源对具有互补性的产品采取独立销售、纯捆绑销售、部分混合捆绑销售等3种捆绑策略[3]。……